Towards a Unified Security Model for Physically Unclonable Functions

Armknecht, Frederik; Moriyama, Daisuke; Sadeghi, Ahmad‐Reza; Yung, Moti

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-29485-8_16

Cited by 34 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The emerging areas like Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) can be adopted to enhance the security level of security in IoT [285]. PUFs are functions that generate unique identifiers for the devices by using dedicated secure processors during the manufacturing phase, and often, these identifiers are used to generate secure secret keys and key management [286].…”

Section: ) Hardware Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

2020

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Internet of Things (IoT) is an integration of the Sensor, Embedded, Computing, and Communication technologies. The purpose of the IoT is to provide seamless services to anything, anytime at any place. IoT technologies play a crucial role everywhere, which brings the fourth revolution of disruptive technologies after the internet and Information and Communication Technology (ICT). The Research & Development community has predicted that the impact of IoT will be more than the internet and ICT on society, which improves the wellbeing of society and industries. Addressing the predominant system-level design aspects like energy efficiency, robustness, scalability, interoperability, and security issues result in the use of a potential IoT system. This paper presents the current state of art of the functional pillars of IoT and its emerging applications to motivate academicians and researches to develop real-time, energy-efficient, scalable, reliable, and secure IoT applications. This paper summarizes the architecture of IoT, with the contemporary status of IoT architectures. Highlights of the IoT system-level issues to develop more advanced real-time IoT applications have been discussed. Millions of devices exchange information using different communication standards, and interoperability between them is a significant issue. This paper provides the current status of the communication standards and application layer protocols used in IoT with the detailed analysis. The computing paradigms like Cloud, Cloudlet, Fog, and Edge computing facilitate IoT with various services like data offloading, resource and device management, etc. In this paper, an exhaustive analysis of Edge Computing in IoT with different edge computing architectures and existing status are deliberated. The widespread adoption of IoT in society has resulted in privacy and security issues. This paper emphasizes on analyzing the security challenges, privacy and security threats, conventional mitigation techniques, and further scope for IoT security. The features like fewer memory footprints, scheduling, real-time task execution, fewer interrupt, and thread switching latency of Real-Time Operating Systems (RTOS) enables the development of time critical IoT applications. Also, this review offers the analysis of the RTOS's suitable for IoT with the current status and networking stack. Finally, open research issues in IoT system development are discussed.

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Section: ) Hardware Securitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

2020

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“…Note that elaborate and formal definitions as well as formalizations of PUFs are beyond the scope of this work, and for more details, the reader is referred to [8,9]. In general, PUFs are physical input to output mappings, which map given challenges to responses.…”

Section: Pufsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Learnability of Physically Unclonable Functions

Ganji¹

2018

T-Labs Series in Telecommunication Services

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Along with the expansion of the application of integrated circuits (ICs), the risk of security vulnerabilities of them has been rising dramatically. Diverse type of successful attacks against ICs have been launched by adversaries taking advantage of those vulnerabilities to expose confidential information, e.g., intellectual property (IP), and customer data. As a remedy for the shortcomings of traditional security measures taken to protect ICs, PUFs appear to be promising candidates that are intended to offer instance-specific functionality. While cryptographic mechanisms enjoying this privilege have been emerging, the vulnerability of PUFs to different types of attacks have been demonstrated. Among these attacks, a great deal of attention has been paid to machine learning (ML) attacks, aiming at modeling the challengeresponse behavior of PUFs. So far the success of ML attacks has relied on trial and error, and consequently, ad hoc attacks and their corresponding countermeasures have been developed.This thesis aims to address this issue by providing the mathematical proofs of the vulnerability of various PUF families, including Arbiter, XOR Arbiter, ring-oscillator, and bistable ring PUFs, to ML attacks. To achieve this goal, for the assessment of these PUFs a generic framework is developed that include two main approaches. First, with regard to the inherent physical characteristics of the PUFs mentioned above, fit-for-purpose mathematical representations of them are established, which adequately reflect the physical behavior of those primitives. To this end, notions and formalizations, being already familiar to the ML theory world, are reintroduced in order to give a better understanding of why, how, and to what extent ML attacks against PUFs can be feasible in practice. Second, polynomial time ML algorithms are explored, which can learn the PUFs under the appropriate representation. More importantly, in contrast to previous ML approaches, not only the accuracy of the model mimicking the behavior of the PUF but also the delivery of such a model is ensured by our framework.Besides off-the-shelf ML algorithms, we apply a set of algorithms originated in property testing field of study that can support the evaluation of the security of PUFs. They serve as a "toolbox", from which PUF designers and manufacturers can choose the indicators being relevant to their requirements. Last but not least, on the basis of learning theory concepts, this thesis explicitly states that the PUF families studied here cannot be considered as an ultimate solution to the problem of insecure ICs. Furthermore, we believe that this thesis can provide an insight into not only the academic research but also the design and manufacturing of PUFs. xi

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“…PUF realizations are based on one of a variety of physical principles including: a) random process variation of silicon chip production e.g. unique time-delay based variations, bistable memory elements and the resulting random state variation ("memory based"), and mixed-signal including an analog-to-digital conversion quantization; b) optically based speckle pattern from laser interaction with randomly distributed scattering particles; c) electromagnetic based capacitance between silicon chip twin-wires where the chip surface having a randomly distributed layer of dielectric particles ("coating PUF") [51,52].…”

Section: Physically Unclonable Functionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The above and Section 8.4 including Subsection 8.4.1, are together strong arguments for the potential of OVD based PUFs. The reader interested to further evaluate the soundness of these claims may found literature on unified security models for PUFs [52] and in-depth evaluation procedures [51], both to facilitate generic (nonspecific) analysis of PUFs, of relevance. Also, an ISO working draft (IEC NP 20897) may also be or become of relevance.…”

Section: Physically Unclonable Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical Document Security: Measurement, Characterization and Visualization: in the Light of Visual Evaluation

Lindstrand¹

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Towards a Unified Security Model for Physically Unclonable Functions

Cited by 34 publications

References 30 publications

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

An Empirical Study on System Level Aspects of Internet of Things (IoT)

On the Learnability of Physically Unclonable Functions

Optical Document Security: Measurement, Characterization and Visualization: in the Light of Visual Evaluation

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