a b s t r a c tThis paper uses a sociocultural conceptual framework to provide an integrated view of academic literacy in mathematics for English Learners. The proposed definition of academic literacy in mathematics includes three integrated components: mathematical proficiency, mathematical practices, and mathematical discourse. The paper uses an analysis of a classroom discussion to illustrate how the three components of academic literacy in mathematics are intertwined, how academic literacy in mathematics is situated, and how participants engaged in academic literacy in mathematics use hybrid resources. The paper closes by describing the implications of this integrated view of academic literacy in mathematics for mathematics instruction for English Learners, arguing that it is important that the three components not be separated when designing instruction in general, and it is essential that mathematics instruction for English Learners address these three components simultaneously.© 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.This paper uses a sociocultural conceptual framework to provide an integrated view of academic literacy in mathematics for English Learners. 1 The proposed definition of academic literacy in mathematics includes three integrated components: mathematical proficiency, mathematical practices, and mathematical discourse. The paper uses an analysis of a classroom discussion and questions adapted from Gee's (1999) questions for Discourse analysis, to illustrate how the three components of academic literacy in mathematics are intertwined, how academic literacy in mathematics is situated, and how participants engaged in academic literacy in mathematics use hybrid resources. The paper closes by describing the implications of this integrated view of academic literacy in mathematics for mathematics instruction, arguing that although these three components are important for all mathematics learners, it is essential that mathematics instruction for ELs include and maintain a simultaneous focus on all three components.The view of academic literacy in mathematics presented here is different than previous approaches to academic language in several ways. First, the definition includes not only cognitive aspects of mathematical activity-such as mathematical reasoning, thinking, concepts, and metacognition-but also sociocultural aspects-participation in mathematical practices-and discursive aspects-participation in mathematical discourse. A sociocultural perspective of academic literacy in mathematics provides a complex view of mathematical proficiency as participation in discipline-based practices that involve conceptual understanding and mathematical discourse. 2 Most importantly for ELs, this integrated view, rather than separating * Tel.: +1 8314592004.E-mail address: jmoschko@ucsc.edu 1 Although there are many labels used to refer to students who are learning English, I will use the term English Learners, abbreviated as ELs. Research on ELs may also be relevant to bilingual or multilingual mathematics lea...