Towards a Sustainable and Enhanced Iron Ore Recovery: Bio-beneficiation Review

Gitau, Francis; Alabi, Oladunni Oyelola; Aramide, Fatai Olufemi; Talabi, Kayode Henry; Ondiaka, Mary Nelima

doi:10.1007/s42461-024-00950-2

Cited by 1 publication

(1 citation statement)

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“…Nowadays, the majority of cassiterite's sources are alluvial deposits containing weathered grains rather than primary deposits; Malaysia, Bolivia, Indonesia, Belgium, Congo, and Nigeria account for the majority of the world's supply of tin ore. Cassiterite has been an important source of tin for various metallurgical applications and is still the greatest source of tin today. The exploitation of mineral resources has become a top priority in many developing nations, leading to the depletion of high-grade ores [3]. Nigeria, for example, has abundant mineral resources, such as iron ore, manganese, copper, and coal, that have significantly increased the country's gross domestic product (GDP), bringing about socioeconomic benefits.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating the Characterization and Grindability Behaviour of Farin-lamba Cassiterite toward Effective Tin Oxide Production

Alabi,

Giwa,

Gitau

et al. 2024

JERR

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Cassiterite has been an essential source of tin; its exploration and exploitation have become a priority worldwide. The effective beneficiation of cassiterite depends mainly on its grindability and effective liberation. The Modified Bond's grindability test is a method used to determine the work index, which is crucial in estimating the energy needed to grind an ore. This is crucial during mineral processing, as a slight deviation would affect the company's operating expenditure (OPEX). This study investigates the work index for Farin-Lamba cassiterite with reference to silica sand sourced from Igbokoda. The test ore (cassiterite) was analyzed using Energy Dispersed X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (ED-XRS), Petrographic Analysis, and Scanning Electron Microscope equipped with an Energy Dispersive Spectrum (SEM-EDS) to understand their chemical and mineralogical characteristics in relation to their grindability. The test ore and the reference material (silica sand) underwent comminution using 500g of each to a 100% passing 500 μm array of sieves arranged in (√2) series from 500μm to 63μm onto an automatic sieve shaker. The chemical and mineralogical analysis revealed the presence of gangue such as SiO2 and Al2O3, which increases the energy needed during communition; further, the presence of rough and large grain size in the ore also increases the energy needed for communition. The results were subjected to Gaudin Schuman's equation to determine the ore's work index, which was 14.664 KWh/ton for the test ore, which is standard for cassiterite, which ranges from 10-15 kWh/ton. Further, the energy needed for comminution was calculated to be 33.7272 Kwh, providing valuable insights into the energy efficiency of the grinding process. The evaluation of the grindability of Farin-Lamba cassiterite in relation to the reference ore not only contributes toward understanding the ore processing dynamics but also provides information needed for the optimization of energy consumed during the process of tin oxide production.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%