Towards a predictive multi-phase model for alpine mass movements and process cascades

Cicoira, Alessandro; Blatny, Lars; Li, X.; Trottet, Bertil; Gaume, Johan

doi:10.1016/j.enggeo.2022.106866

Cited by 17 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 65 publications

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“…These conditions might not be met in the experiments D 0 − D 4, but also in many real‐world cases, compromising the accuracy of the results. An in‐depth benchmark comparison with full three‐dimensional models (e.g., Cicoira et al., 2022; Domnik et al., 2013) would be helpful to learn about the magnitude of those effects. Such a comparison is out of scope of this study but will be an important future direction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Controlled Landslide Deformation

Pudasaini,

Mergili

2024

JGR Earth Surface

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Many landslide models assume a fully deformable body without any resistance against deformation. However, in reality, landslide bodies can display negligible to large deformation during motion. Examples for limited deformation include the prehistoric giant landslides of Flims and Köfels, or the Vajont landslide of 1963, where the structure of rock largely remained intact and the slides did not evolve into rock avalanches. Here, we propose a novel mechanical model for the controlled deformation of landslides. The model is based on the principle of material strength or resistance and includes a user‐specified function that reflects the mechanisms (internal friction, cohesion, viscosity, and yield strength) that act against the deformation induced by the free‐surface or the hydraulic pressure gradient of the landslide. This controls the landslide deformation and, in turn, also the motion and run‐out, and offers a unique possibility to describe the landslide motion ranging from a fully non‐deformable body sliding along the mountain slope to a completely fluidized motion without any resistance against the force associated with the free‐surface pressure gradient. The latter is the situation often considered for the motion of granular flows such as avalanches of snow or rock, or debris flows. The former can play a substantial role in the dynamics, however, has not yet been considered in mass flow simulations, severely limiting the applicability of those models. We demonstrate the performance of the new model and its applicability, also with the advanced open‐source computational mass flow simulation tool r.avaflow.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Controlled Landslide Deformation

Pudasaini,

Mergili

2024

JGR Earth Surface

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“…Furthermore, as these impulse waves propagate towards the dam area, perilous situations such as wave overtopping may arise, resulting in profound threats to the stability of the dam structure, and potentially causing devastating casualties due to the sudden impact of surge disasters (Attili et al 2021, Ersoy et al 2022. A notable example is the Vajont landslide in Italy in 1963, where the reservoir impoundment induced instability of the rock and soil mass of approximately 2.7×108 m 3 on the left bank near the dam area, generating a 150 m surge over the dam crest, destroying the downstream town of Longarone, and resulting in more than 2,000 fatalities (Cicoira et al 2022, Zhang et al 2023a). On March 22, 1959, at the Pontesei artificial basin, an impulse wave was generated by the falling of a 5 × 106 m 3 landslide into the water, tragically resulting in the death of a man riding a bike along the street on the opposite side of the basin (Panizzo et al 2005a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical simulation of potential impulse waves generated by the Mogu rock landslide at varying water levels in the Lianghekou Reservoir, China

Chen,

Xu,

Zhang

et al. 2024

Landslides

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Reservoir impoundment and water level fluctuations often trigger landslides and their secondary disasters, such as potential impulse waves, posing a serious threat to the safety of people along the reservoir and dam areas, causing economic losses and even catastrophic consequences. This study delves into a comprehensive field investigation and monitoring of the engineering geological conditions and deformation mechanisms the Mogu rock landslide. Impoundment is identified as the primary factor inducing slope deformation, with the cumulative displacement of the sliding body showing no signs of convergence, indicating potential instability. By coupling the elasto-visco-plasticity model and the RNG turbulence model in FLOW3D, an actual surge disaster near the Lianghekou Reservoir dam area is replicated to validate the reliability of the numerical method. Building upon this, a three-dimensional model is established to calculate potential impulse waves generated by the Mogu rock landslide, and the risk to the dam is evaluated. Under varying water level conditions, the simulated heights of impulse waves do not surpass the dam elevation, demonstrating a satisfactory safety margin. Given the inherent danger of landslide-induced wave disasters, continuous attention is warranted, and preventive measures and suggestions are proposed to address these concerns. Additionally, the study explores the contributions of water level fluctuations to the primary wave height, the maximum run-up on the opposite bank and the dam, and the attenuation rate of wave height along the river channel. The results provide significant reference values for the early warning and prevention of comparable reservoir landslides and potential landslide-induced waves worldwide.

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“…MPM is a Eulerian-Lagrangian particle-based method initially developed by Sulsky et al (1994). Due to its ability to handle processes including large deformations, fractures and collisions, this elegant hybrid method found great interest over the last two decades, both in geomechanics, e.g., for the modeling of fluid-structure interaction (York II et al, 2000), porous media micromechanics (Blatny et al, 2021(Blatny et al, , 2022, granular flows (Dunatunga & Kamrin, 2015), snow avalanche release (Gaume et al, 2019;Trottet et al, 2022), snow avalanche dynamics (Li et al, 2021), glacier calving (Wolper et al, 2021), debris flows (Vicari et al, 2022), landslides (Soga et al, 2016 and rockslides (Cicoira et al, 2022), as well as in computer graphics (Stomakhin et al, 2013;Jiang et al, 2016;Schreck & Wojtan, 2020;Daviet & Bertails-Descoubes, 2016). After its first application to snow slab avalanches, Gaume et al (2019) analysed crack propagation and slab fracture patterns and reported crack speeds above 100 m/s on steep terrain.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Depth-Averaged Material Point Method for Shallow Landslides: Applications to Snow Slab Avalanche Release

Guillet¹,

Blatny²,

Trottet³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Shallow landslides pose a significant threat to people and infrastructure. While often modeled based on limit equilibrium analysis, finite or discrete elements, continuum particle-based approaches like the Material Point Method (MPM) have more recently been successful in modeling their full 3D elasto-plastic behavior. In this paper, we develop a depth-averaged Material Point Method (DAMPM) to efficiently simulate shallow landslides over complex topography based on both material properties and terrain characteristics. DAMPM is an adaptation of MPM with classical shallow water assumptions, thus enabling large-deformation elasto-plastic modeling of landslides in a computationally efficient manner. The model is here demonstrated on the release of snow slab avalanches, a specific type of shallow landslides which release due to crack propagation within a weak layer buried below a cohesive slab. Here, the weak layer is considered as an external shear force acting at the base of an elastic-brittle slab. We validate our model against previous analytical calculations and numerical simulations of the classical snow fracture experiment known as Propagation Saw Test (PST). Furthermore, large scale simulations are conducted to evaluate the shape and size of avalanche release zones over different topographies. Given the low computational cost compared to 3D MPM, we expect our work to have important operational applications in hazard assessment, in particular for the evaluation of release areas, a crucial input for geophysical mass flow models. Our approach can be easily adapted to simulate both the initiation and dynamics of various shallow landslides, debris and lava flows, glacier creep and calving.

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Towards a predictive multi-phase model for alpine mass movements and process cascades

Cited by 17 publications

References 65 publications

Mechanically Controlled Landslide Deformation

Mechanically Controlled Landslide Deformation

Numerical simulation of potential impulse waves generated by the Mogu rock landslide at varying water levels in the Lianghekou Reservoir, China

A Depth-Averaged Material Point Method for Shallow Landslides: Applications to Snow Slab Avalanche Release

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