“…So far, most studies of bubble breakup focus primarily on large-scale quantities such as the size (Hesketh 1987;Deane & Stokes 2002;Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Martínez-Bazán & Montañés 2003;Vejražka, Zedníková & Stanovský 2018;Yi et al 2022Yi et al , 2023, the aspect ratio (Stone, Bentley & Leal 1986;Kang & Leal 1989;Lu & Tryggvason 2008;Ravelet, Colin & Risso 2011;Masuk et al 2021a;Masuk, Salibindla & Ni 2021b), the total surface area (Legendre, Zenit & Velez-Cordero 2012;Dodd & Ferrante 2016), and the low-order modes of spherical harmonics of the bubble (Magnaudet, Takagi & Legendre 2003;Perrard et al 2021) without considering the small-scale local interfacial deformation that could carry important clues on how bubbles react to the collision with sub-bubble-scale eddies. Therefore, in this work, we report the experimental measurements of the bubble local deformation by leveraging the full three-dimensional (3-D) reconstruction of bubble geometry.…”