“…cultural bereavement), and, on the other hand, the availability of new opportunities and developments upon return, such as the increased importance of formal education and rapid changes and opportunities because of globalisation and development (such as technological advances and mass and digital media), encouraged by the Ugandan government and the international community. The latter, for example, has led to increased promotion of certain parenting practices and beliefs (such as positive parenting and neuro-focused parenting) and child participation (Macvarish and Lee, 2019;Macvarish and Martin, 2021;Walakira et al, 2021). Thus, the settings, practices, and beliefs surrounding the way in which children should be raised after return are plural, inconsistent, and open for discussion, potentially bringing about feelings of insecurity among caregivers, as reflected in the anxiety of our older participants who highly valued the pre-war 'true teachings in terms of respect .…”