“…Where Afghanistan challenged this institutional mindset was in relation to the sequencing of security, governance, and development: it would not be possible to go in hard and then draw down; to the contrary, efforts had to be comprehensive, simultaneous, and, given Taliban resistance, escalatory. The accumulated effect on NATO was upsetting, necessitating first the renewal of the Alliance's Strategic Concept (Kamp, 2009) and then a confrontation with the underlying question of whether NATO could continue its crisis management engagement as a 'valuable node in a global security network' (Williams, 2011, p. 139) or rather was at risk of losing its coherence in the shift from collective defense to collective security action (Rynning, 2012).…”