Towards a new quality of automation in complex man-machine systems

Johannsen, Gunnar

doi:10.1016/0005-1098(92)90121-u

Cited by 38 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…EID is not unique in advocating a thorough analysis of the system the human operator must work with. Many researchers}particularly those in the European tradition}also advocate such an approach [see for example work by Sundstrom (1993Sundstrom ( , 1997, Hollnagel (1993Hollnagel ( , 1998, Bainbridge (1991) and Johannsen (1992) amongst others]. Indeed, the AH component of EID builds on a tradition to which these and other researchers contributed significantly (e.g.…”

Section: Distinction Between Eid and Non-eid Approachesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Work domain analysis and sensors I: principles and simple example

Reising

Sanderson

2002

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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In this paper we establish a foundation for understanding the instrumentation needs of complex dynamic systems if ecological interface design (EID)-based interfaces are to be robust in the face of instrumentation failures. EID-based interfaces often include configural displays which reveal the higher-order properties of complex systems. However, concerns have been expressed that such displays might be misleading when instrumentation is unreliable or unavailable. Rasmussen's abstraction hierarchy (AH) formalism can be extended to include representations of sensors near the functions or properties about which they provide information, resulting in what we call a ''sensorannotated abstraction hierarchy''. Sensor-annotated AHs help the analyst determine the impact of different instrumentation engineering policies on higher-order system information by showing how the data provided from individual sensors propagates within and across levels of abstraction in the AH. The use of sensor-annotated AHs with a configural display is illustrated with a simple water reservoir example. We argue that if EID is to be effectively employed in the design of interfaces for complex systems, then the information needs of the human operator need to be considered at the earliest stages of system development while instrumentation requirements are being formulated. In this way, Rasmussen's AH promotes a formative approach to instrumentation engineering.# 2002 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.KEYWORDS: work domain analysis; sensors; instrumentation; abstraction hierarchy; ecological interface design.''What can be sensed forms a fundamental limiting feature of displays. This limiting feature is not always given the emphasis it deserves. [. . .] A measuring instrument which indicated directly and accurately its position relative to the earth's surface would render obsolete the entire science of navigation as we know it. This illustrates clearly the limits imposed on navigation systems by lack of a sensing instrument. The whole system of celestial and radio fixes, the use of compass information, inertial and other ''dead reckoning'' systems, are all substitutes for what we would like to sense directly and display but do not yet have the sensing means for. The initial step in considering the design of the displays for a particular manual control system is to analyze the information the operator would really like to have and to consider the sensing instruments available to obtain it for him. Too often this analysis is not carried out, and it is assumed that the operator requires information that, for instance, has been displayed on similar systems in the past . . . '' Kelley (1968, p. 90-91).

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Section: Distinction Between Eid and Non-eid Approachesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Work domain analysis and sensors I: principles and simple example

Reising

Sanderson

2002

International Journal of Human-Computer Studies

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“…This is exemplified in Fig. 17 with four subwindows, showing the overview, a special-process variable view of an operator/user model Sundstr6m 1990;Johannsen 1992), a listing of alarm messages, and a functional diagram. Upon using the aiding functions or the selection of different information forms and control modes, the operator-input menu -as shown in Fig.…”

Section: Process-visualization Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flexibility of the dialogue is needed between the operator(s) and the dynamic technical process with its automation (S & C) system and its knowledgebased support systems for online advice. As explained by Alty and Johannsen (1989), the dialogue and information-presentation issues of the manmachine interface are separated corresponding to the concept of the user interface management system (see also Johannsen 1992). A knowledge-based dialogue system is responsible for controlling all high-level interactions between the operator(s), technical process, S&C system, and knowledgebased support systems.…”

Section: Requirements and Use Of Graphics Standardsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Human-centred design approaches are more possible than ever before and highly needed in order to achieve better man-machine systems integration, particularly also in the man-machine interface and its informationpresentation level (Gilmore etal. 1989;Diaper et al 1990;Jobling 1991;Rouse 1991;Johannsen 1992). Information needs and cognitive capabilities of human operators as the end users in man-machine interfaces are considered during all design stages in a human-centered design approach.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A graphical editor and process visualization system for man-machine interfaces of dynamic systems

Fejes

Johannsen

Strätz

1993

The Visual Computer

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The process visualization system of a manmachine interface is presented. It allows human operator(s) to interact with a dynamic technical system, here a thermal power plant. Also, a graphical editor for designing dynamic pictures of the process visualization system is explained. Both new systems have a common architecture and are based on the computer graphics standard PHIGS-2D with extensions for handling non-graphical and graphical information. The hierarchical information structures are manipulated with lists and pointers in a dynamic visual database. The two menu-driven interfaces for designers and for operators are described with their multi-window display layouts. The software of both systems is highly portable to different hardware and to other application domains.

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“…Research of the manual control of the dynamic systems has its origin in the servomechanism theories from the 1945's. In subsequent years, several models of the human as a controller in closed-loop feedback control systems have been advanced [1], [2], [3]. In [4] the second order linear model with constant parameters describes real time measurements for eye-hand channel, and parameter identification with model verification.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Verification of Structure on Model's Eyes-Hands during Signal Tracking

Alexik

2013

2013 8th EUROSIM Congress on Modelling and Simulation

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Future construction of cars requires knowledge about dynamics of driver's, because vitally affecting his responses to unexpected situations in traffic. Unpredictable situations in the driving of the car are real, because the traffic is crowded on the road. After detecting the models in the brain driver's, we could understand how models influencing his reaction on the traffic situations. Research results, supported by new advances in automation and information technology, can be used in the areas of so-called "intelligent systems to support decision of driver's" and "intelligent transport systems". This article explains a new conceptual model of driver behaviour, which is able to characterize the response of the driver in the car, from the "intelligent control system driver/car/traffic situation" point of view. In the paper the hypothesis is formulated, that immediate dynamics of driver's (delay, time constant and also controller structure), is create as sum of constant neuro physiological characteristics (muscles and nerves) and variable characteristics created in the brain. Variable characteristics are generating from "models of the traffic situations", which are continually adapted intra brain of driver's. The article outlined the verification of this model using description of measured reactions in real time.

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Towards a new quality of automation in complex man-machine systems

Cited by 38 publications

References 12 publications

Work domain analysis and sensors I: principles and simple example

Work domain analysis and sensors I: principles and simple example

A graphical editor and process visualization system for man-machine interfaces of dynamic systems

Verification of Structure on Model's Eyes-Hands during Signal Tracking

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