Towards a New Opportunistic IoT Network Architecture for Wildlife Monitoring System

Abstract

Abstract-In this paper we introduce an opportunistic dual radio IoT network architecture for wildlife monitoring systems (WMS). Since data processing consumes less energy than transmitting the raw data, the proposed architecture leverages opportunistic mobile networks in a fixed LPWAN IoT network infrastructure. This solution will facilitate an IoT devices to be deployed for ultra-low power and sustainable wildlife monitoring applications. As part of the IoT infrastructure, a LoRa based network is presented with coverage characterization and preliminary test bed deployment for wildlife tracking purpose. In addition, through simulation, the utilization of existing BLE based opportunistic data collection protocols for the proposed architecture is investigated.

LPWAN Based IoT Surveillance System for Outdoor Fire Detection

“…The process consisted of a periodical data collection by sensors to bear it through the LPWAN to a database server similar to [39] with a structure depicted in Fig. 10.…”

Thinking small: Next-generation sensor networks close the size gap in vertebrate biologging

“…The above described long-range telemetry mode provides an option for robust transmission of small amounts of data at a low rate without the expenditure of additional energy because of the hybrid modulation of the signal. In comparison, other long-range systems for biologging, such as LoRa [12], enable higher transmission rates. However, the bidirectional communication between transmitter and receiver strongly increases the energy demand on the mobile node.…”

“…Initial purchase costs may also be higher compared to older systems, but this difference might be compensated by the gain in data quantity and quality, the ability to reuse components (e.g., mobile nodes), and the high degree of automation, which can in turn reduce labor costs. The homologies between applications in mobile communication and biologging (e.g., bluetooth low energy for communication among mobile nodes [12]) will boost and cheapen the development of WBNs. Experimental setups including automated triggers (e.g., acoustic playbacks or other sensory cues) can be integrated with direct proximity sensing, creating exciting research opportunities.…”

“…Consistently, there have been numerous applications for WSNs in wildlife monitoring ("biologging") since the early 2000s [9]. In the last decade, more sophisticated approaches have created powerful monitoring systems, e.g., for high-resolution tracking [10] and fully automated logging of social encounters [11,12]. The major challenge in developing efficient wireless biologging networks (WBNs) is to design ultra-low power communication networks in order to maximize performance, minimize energy consumption, and reduce tag mass.…”

Hunting The Hunters: Wildlife Monitoring System

“…This minimizes data latency while avoiding deterioration in data reliability. This contributions have appeared in [24,25].…”