Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies

Stanfield, Andrew C.; McIntosh, Andrew M.; Spencer, Michael D.; Philip, Ruth C. M.; Gaur, Sonia; Lawrie, Stephen M.

doi:10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.05.006

Cited by 443 publications

(416 citation statements)

References 83 publications

(54 reference statements)

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“…Imaging studies with targeted measurements of the vermis have found it to be smaller in size in autism (Murakami et al, 1989;Hashimoto et al, 1995;Courchesne et al, 2001;Scott et al, 2009). However, the results are not always clear, and reports of overall cerebellar volume are mixed, tending to find an overall larger volume compared to controls (Murakami et al, 1989;Courchesne et al, 2001;Sparks et al, 2002;Stanfield et al, 2008). Likewise, functional imaging studies have found children with ASD to have both reduced ) and increased (Allen and Courchesne, 2003) cerebellar activation during a simple movement task.…”

Section: Autism and The Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 93%

“…For example, in post-mortem studies, reduced Purkinje cell numbers are the most common neuropathological finding (Ritvo et al, 1986;Bailey et al, 1998;Kemper and Bauman, 1998;Whitney et al, 2008). Furthermore, imaging studies have found that individuals with ASD exhibit reduced volumes in the cerebellar vermis (Murakami et al, 1989;Hashimoto et al, 1995;Courchesne et al, 2001;Scott et al, 2009), with some tendency for an overall increase in cerebellar volume (Murakami et al, 1989;Courchesne et al, 2001;Sparks et al, 2002;Stanfield et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Behavioural and neural basis of anomalous motor learning in children with autism

Marko

Crocetti

Hulst

et al. 2015

Brain

133

119

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Autism spectrum disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by deficits in social and communication skills and repetitive and stereotyped interests and behaviours. Although not part of the diagnostic criteria, individuals with autism experience a host of motor impairments, potentially due to abnormalities in how they learn motor control throughout development. Here, we used behavioural techniques to quantify motor learning in autism spectrum disorder, and structural brain imaging to investigate the neural basis of that learning in the cerebellum. Twenty children with autism spectrum disorder and 20 typically developing control subjects, aged 8-12, made reaching movements while holding the handle of a robotic manipulandum. In random trials the reach was perturbed, resulting in errors that were sensed through vision and proprioception. The brain learned from these errors and altered the motor commands on the subsequent reach. We measured learning from error as a function of the sensory modality of that error, and found that children with autism spectrum disorder outperformed typically developing children when learning from errors that were sensed through proprioception, but underperformed typically developing children when learning from errors that were sensed through vision. Previous work had shown that this learning depends on the integrity of a region in the anterior cerebellum. Here we found that the anterior cerebellum, extending into lobule VI, and parts of lobule VIII were smaller than normal in children with autism spectrum disorder, with a volume that was predicted by the pattern of learning from visual and proprioceptive errors. We suggest that the abnormal patterns of motor learning in children with autism spectrum disorder, showing an increased sensitivity to proprioceptive error and a decreased sensitivity to visual error, may be associated with abnormalities in the cerebellum.

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Section: Autism and The Cerebellummentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioural and neural basis of anomalous motor learning in children with autism

Marko

Crocetti

Hulst

et al. 2015

Brain

133

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the human autism literature, meta-analyses examining neuroanatomical phenotypes have revealed some overlap across studies [73][74][75][76]. However, definitive interpretations remain in progress, as individual findings in vivo investigations of brains of people with autism have been replicated in some publications, but display considerable inconsistencies in many aspects.…”

Section: Discoveries Of Neuroanatomical Abnormalities In Mouse Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Phenotypes in Mouse Models of Autism

2015

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In order to understand the consequences of the mutation on behavioral and biological phenotypes relevant to autism, mutations in many of the risk genes for autism spectrum disorder have been experimentally generated in mice. Here, we summarize behavioral outcomes and neuroanatomical abnormalities, with a focus on highresolution magnetic resonance imaging of postmortem mouse brains. Results are described from multiple mouse models of autism spectrum disorder and comorbid syndromes, including the 15q11-13, 16p11.2, 22q11.2, Cntnap2, Engrailed2, Fragile X, Integrinβ3, MET, Neurexin1a, Neuroligin3, Reelin, Rett, Shank3, Slc6a4, tuberous sclerosis, and Williams syndrome models, and inbred strains with strong autism-relevant behavioral phenotypes, including BTBR and BALB. Concomitant behavioral and neuroanatomical abnormalities can strengthen the interpretation of results from a mouse model, and may elevate the usefulness of the model system for therapeutic discovery.

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“…Structural imaging has also demonstrated abnormalities in inter-hemispheric long-range white matter pathways. Corpus callosum volume has been used as an index of inter-hemispheric connectivity, and a reduced corpus callosum volume is one of the most replicated structural findings in ASD [60][61][62][63][64][65]. A diffusion tensor analysis of the corpus callosum also demonstrated significant microstructural differences between ASD and control groups [63,[66][67][68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Atypical Bilateral Brain Synchronization in the Early Stage of Human Voice Auditory Processing in Young Children with Autism

Kurita

Kikuchi

Minabe

et al. 2016

International Journal of Psychophysiology

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has been postulated to involve impaired neuronal cooperation in large-scale neural networks, including cortico-cortical interhemispheric circuitry. In the context of ASD, alterations in both peripheral and central auditory processes have also attracted a great deal of interest because these changes appear to represent pathophysiological processes; therefore, many prior studies have focused on atypical auditory responses in ASD. The auditory evoked field (AEF), recorded by magnetoencephalography, and the synchronization of these processes between right and left hemispheres was recently suggested to reflect various cognitive abilities in children. However, to date, no previous study has focused on AEF synchronization in ASD subjects. To assess global coordination across spatially distributed brain regions, the analysis of Omega complexity from multichannel neurophysiological data was proposed. Using Omega complexity analysis, we investigated the global coordination of AEFs in 3-8-year-old typically developing (TD) children (n = 50) and children with ASD (n = 50) in 50-ms time-windows. Children with ASD displayed significantly higher Omega complexities compared with TD children in the timewindow of 0-50 ms, suggesting lower whole brain synchronization in the early stage of the P1m component. When we analyzed the left and right hemispheres separately, no significant differences in any time-windows were observed. These results suggest lower right-left hemispheric synchronization in children with ASD compared with TD children. Our study provides new evidence of aberrant neural synchronization in young children with ASD by investigating auditory evoked neural responses to the human voice.

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Towards a neuroanatomy of autism: A systematic review and meta-analysis of structural magnetic resonance imaging studies

Abstract: Autism may result from abnormalities in specific brain regions and a global lack of integration due to brain enlargement. Inconsistencies in the literature partly relate to differences in the age and IQ of study populations. Some regions may show abnormal growth trajectories.

Cited by 443 publications

References 83 publications

Behavioural and neural basis of anomalous motor learning in children with autism

Behavioural and neural basis of anomalous motor learning in children with autism

Behavioral and Neuroanatomical Phenotypes in Mouse Models of Autism

Atypical Bilateral Brain Synchronization in the Early Stage of Human Voice Auditory Processing in Young Children with Autism

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