Towards a model for picture and word processing

Snodgrass, Joan G.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-1068-6_42

Cited by 18 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…However, a number of studies have shown that a semantic priming effect can be obtained for pictures as well as for words (Vanderwart, 1984;Warren & Morton, 1982) and that the encoding of both types of stimuli is affected in an analogous interactive manner by semantic relatedness (Kroll & Potter, 1983;Sperber, McCauley, Ragain, & Weil, 1979). These observations are consistent with models emphasizing that even if there are differences in picture and word processing, both are ultimately processed by the same semantic system (Nelson, Reed, & McEvoy, 1977;Potter, 1979;Seymour, 1976;Snodgrass, 1980). According to this view, the most parsimonious interpretation would be that a semantic (if not lexical) activation is actually involved in modulating the short-delay (ERP) repetition effect for pictures.…”

Section: The Present Experimentssupporting

confidence: 63%

Short-and Long-Delay Intracranial ERP Repetition Effects Dissociate Memory Systems in the Human Brain

Guillem

Rougier

Claverie

1999

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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Prior exposure to a stimulus can facilitate the performance to subsequent presentations of that stimulus. ERP studies have shown that this facilitation is associated with the modulation of two components (N400 and P600). Investigation of the time course of both behavioral and ERP repetition effects have led to the assumption that it is subserved by the combination of at least two mechanisms operating at different time-points: a short-delay semantic activation and a long-lasting episodic mechanism. The present experiment recorded intracranial ERPs from various structures during a continuous recognition memory task to investigate the respective contribution of the different brain regions to short- and long-delay ERP repetition effects. The results are in good agreement with both the classical neuropsychological literature and the more recent data obtained with functional imagery techniques. They provide electrophysiological evidence of multiple anatomo-functional memory systems in the human brain: a short-term semantic activation system and a long-term episodic memory system, with interface structures that coordinate the functioning of these two systems.

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Section: The Present Experimentssupporting

confidence: 63%

Short-and Long-Delay Intracranial ERP Repetition Effects Dissociate Memory Systems in the Human Brain

Guillem

Rougier

Claverie

1999

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

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“…Nelson et al's model attributes the picture superiority effect partly to the superior sensory code of pictures, which makes them more distinctive than words. The superior conceptual code model assumes that pictures either undergo more elaborative encoding than words (see Blaxton, 1987, and for reviews), or that because pictures are less polysemous than words, their memory trace is more easily retrieved at test (Durso & Johnson, 1979;Snodgrass, 1980). For the purposes of this paper, Paivio's model may be seen as a combination of the last two.…”

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confidence: 96%

Is there a picture superiority effect in perceptual implicit tasks?

Kinjo¹

2000

European Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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“…Other significant variables included rated picture-image similarity; percentages of missing names, different names, and correct names from the picture-naming data; and missing images and different images from the imaging data. Humphreys, Riddoch, and Quinlan (1988) evaluated the effect of two variables-category structure and name frequency-on picture naming to determine whether purported stages in picture naming (e.g., Lachman, 1973;Levelt, Schriefers, Vorberg, Meyer, Pechmann, & Havinga, 1991;Riddoch & Humphreys, 1987;Snodgrass, 1980Snodgrass, , 1984 occur in strict serial order or in cascade in which information from a prior stage is fed into a succeeding stage before the prior stage finishes. Humphreys et al (1988) argued that the structural variable should affect the first stage of accessing an item's stored structural description, whereas name frequency should affect the last stage ofaccessing an item's phonological representation.…”

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confidence: 99%

Naming times for the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures

Yuditsky

1996

Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers

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This paper reports the results of two experiments. In the first, voice-key naming times were collected and in the second, keypress naming times were collected for 250 of the Snodgrass and Vanderwart (1980) pictures. The resulting naming times and correct naming rates were well predicted in multiple regression analyses by one or another measure of codability (name or concept agreement) and by age-of-acquisition ratings collected specifically for this study. Voice-key responses appeared to be somewhat more sensitive indicators of naming difficulty, although keypress responses did remarkably well. The Appendix presents the age-of-acquisition ratings, the trimmed vocal and keypress naming times, and the correct naming rates from the two experiments for the 250 pictures.The cognitive operations underlying picture naming have long been of both theoretical and practical interest. Cattell (1886) first noted the fact that reading words was faster than naming pictures, and speculated on the processes that made word reading faster than picture naming. The reading advantage has generally been attributed to one of two processes: (I) the highly overlearned association between stimulus and response produced by much practice, and (2) the fact that in many languages, pronunciation of the word can be accomplished via a fast, grapheme-tophoneme translation process. Theios and Amrhein (1989) reviewed the literature on word reading versus picture naming and concluded that differences in practice cannot account for the word-reading advantage. Rather, they argued that the word-reading advantage relies on the fact that words can be read on the basis of their orthography alone, without access to the meaning code. In contrast, picture naming is usually assumed to require access to meaning.One approach to studying the processes underlying picture naming has been to vary individual item characteristics and observe which characteristics affect picture naming. Wingfield (1964, 1965) selected 26 pictures that varied widely in Thorndike-Lorge (1944) name frequency and found that naming latency was negatively correlated (r = -.80) with log frequency. Goodglass, Theurkauf, and Wingfield (1984) replicated this finding. White (1973a, 1973b) argued that age of acquisition might be a more predictive variable than word This research was supported by Research Grants AFOSR 89-0442 and F49620-92-J-0 119 from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research to 1.G.S.

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Towards a model for picture and word processing

Cited by 18 publications

References 44 publications

Short-and Long-Delay Intracranial ERP Repetition Effects Dissociate Memory Systems in the Human Brain

Short-and Long-Delay Intracranial ERP Repetition Effects Dissociate Memory Systems in the Human Brain

Is there a picture superiority effect in perceptual implicit tasks?

Naming times for the Snodgrass and Vanderwart pictures

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