Towards a microstructural model of bitumen ageing behaviour

Eberhardsteiner, Lukas; Füssl, Josef; Hofko, Bernhard; Handle, Florian; Hospodka, Markus; Blab, Ronald; Grothe, Hinrich

doi:10.1080/10298436.2014.993192

Cited by 54 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Based on the results of this paper, the extension of the multi-scale model for asphalt mixes allowing for the mechanical description of the LVE bitumen behavior depending on its composition is presented [35] and [36]. Within these papers, a structural RVE concept based on SARA fractions is suggested, which is not only able to reproduce experimental results but also to describe significant microstructural effects related to aging.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In recent studies [35,36], the multi-scale model has been extended to take into account the microstructure of bitumen and its influence on the mechanical behavior from binder up to the macroscale level. To obtain information on the mechanical behavior of the bitumen constituents, bitumen samples were separated into n-heptane solubles (maltene phase) and insolubles (asphaltenes) and artificial bitumen with pre-defined asphaltene concentrations from 0 to 30 wt% asphaltenes were produced from the constituents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of maltene and asphaltene fraction on mechanical behavior and microstructure of bitumen

et al. 2015

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As a widely accepted concept, bitumen consists of four fractions that can be distinguished by their polarity. Highly polar asphaltene micelles are dispersed in a viscous phase of saturates, aromatics and resins (maltene phase). Different concentrations of asphaltenes in the bitumen result in a range of mechanical response properties. In an interdisciplinary study the impact of the maltene phase and asphaltenes on the linear viscoelastic behavior and the microstructure of bitumen were analyzed by creep recovery testing in a DSR and by atomic force microscopy (AFM). Therefore, bitumen was separated into the maltene and asphaltene fractions and artificial bitumen samples with different, pre-defined asphaltene concentrations were produced and investigated. It was found that the artificially produced, precipitated bitumen samples can be regarded as a representative, bitumen-like material in terms of mechanical behavior and microstructure. Asphaltenes play an important role in the typical viscoelastic behavior of bitumen being mainly responsible for stiffness and elasticity. Also, their concentration appears to be correlated to the occurrence and shape of the bee-like inclusions which can be typically observed by AFM.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of maltene and asphaltene fraction on mechanical behavior and microstructure of bitumen

et al. 2015

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“…The physical properties of bituminous binder, including its response to applied stress or strain, are highly temperature, time, and rate dependent, and thus, it is classified as a viscoelastic substance for mechanistic analysis [1][2][3]. From a chemical point of view, bituminous binders are highly sensitive to environmental non-load related actions, mostly oxidative aging [4,5]. The oxidative aging of asphalt binder occurs in two periods: in short-term during mix production while mixing binder and aggregates at elevated temperature (between 140 and 200°C, depending on binder type); and in long-term when an asphalt mix is in service over time in a pavement structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

et al. 2017

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Bituminous binders as organic materials are prone to aging mainly by oxidation. Aging changes the viscoelastic behavior of the material over time towards higher stiffness and brittleness. FTIR has been increasingly used lately to investigate impacts of oxidative aging on the chemical structure of bitumen. Especially the carbonyl and sulfoxide bands are affected by aging and commonly used to describe changes due to evolving oxidation of a binder. However, spectra obtained from FTIR can be analyzed in fundamentally different ways and the analysis method applied to a spectrum has an impact on the gathered results and especially on the repeatability and sensitivity with regards to oxidative changes. For the presented study, two bituminous binders, a PG 64-16 and an SBS modified PG 76-22 PM were aged by RTFO and PAV and subsequently measured by FTIR. The obtained spectra (up to 90 individual spectra per aging state) were analyzed employing various methods using either the original or a normalized spectrum, a band maximum or integration based calculation of indices from an absolute or tangential baseline. By analyzing the coefficient of variation of the different analysis methods, it was found that not all analysis methods exhibit the same repeatability and sensitivity. From the findings of the study it can be recommended to work with normalized spectra, use an absolute baseline and work with integration of areas for index production in favor over band maximum based methods.

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“…The physical properties of asphalt binders, including its response to applied stress or strain, are highly temperature, time, and loading rate dependent and are thus classified as a viscoelastic substance for mechanistic analysis [1][2][3]. From a chemical point of view, bituminous binders are sensitive to environmental non-load related actions, mostly oxidative ageing [4,5]. The oxidative ageing of bitumen occurs in two main stages: in short-term during asphalt mix production while mixing binder and aggregates at elevated temperature (between 140 and 200°C), transport and compaction; and in longterm when the asphalt mix is in service over time in a pavement structure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

Porot²,

et al. 2018

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This RILEM round robin study with nine participating laboratories investigated bitumen ageing, its effect on chemical properties and its reproducibility. The impact of temperature used for shortterm (RTFOT) binder ageing on the combined shortand long-term (PAV) aged samples was investigated; thereby the effect of reduced mixing temperature such as those relevant for warm mix asphalt technologies on long term ageing was examined. Four 70/100 penetration graded bituminous binders from different sources were selected. In addition to the standard RTFOT temperature of 163°C, two additional temperatures, 143 and 123°C were used. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis was carried out using an integration method which considers the area below the absorbance spectrum around a band maximum using baseline and tangential approaches. A statistical investigation into the reproducibility of FTIR spectra analysis based on the accumulated data was done. To assess the reproducibility, the coefficient of variation (CV) was taken as a benchmark parameter. Carbonyl and sulfoxide indices were calculated using different baseline correction methods and tangential and baseline integration, respectively. It was shown that the tangential method was not influenced by the applied baseline correction. However, in all considered cases, the tangential method led to significantly worse reproducibility (CVs ranging from 20 to 120%) compared 10.1617/s11527-018-1170-7 to the baseline method. The sulfoxide indices calculated by both methods were not affected by the baseline correction method used. Impacts of changes in the short-term ageing temperature on short-or longterm aged samples could not be found whereas differences between different binder sources could be detected. RTFOT temperature and therefore mix production temperature had a stronger impact on the formation of sulfoxide structures than for carbonyl structures. The findings from this study show the most reproducible of all considered methods when more than one laboratory is providing FTIR data.

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Towards a microstructural model of bitumen ageing behaviour

Cited by 54 publications

References 40 publications

Impact of maltene and asphaltene fraction on mechanical behavior and microstructure of bitumen

Impact of maltene and asphaltene fraction on mechanical behavior and microstructure of bitumen

Repeatability and sensitivity of FTIR ATR spectral analysis methods for bituminous binders

FTIR spectral analysis of bituminous binders: reproducibility and impact of ageing temperature

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