Towards a major methodological shift in depression research by assessing continuous scores of recurrence of illness, lifetime and current suicidal behaviors and phenome features

Maes, Michael; Zhou, Bo; Jirakran, Ketsupar; Vasupanrajit, Asara; Boonchaya-Anant, Patchaya; Tunvirachaisakul, Chavit; Tang, Xiaoou; Li, Jing; Almulla, Abbas F.

doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.150

Cited by 7 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…In recent publications, the first author of this paper developed novel precision models for a major depressive episode (MDD) using the precision nomothetic approach [1–9]. The author utilized a theoretical framework to construct a clinical precision nomothetic model that connects clinical causal factors (such as a family history of mood and substance use disorders) and adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) with the lifetime and current phenome of depression [1,3,4,5,7]. The current phenome of MDD was understood as a factor (latent vector) derived from various scales used by psychiatrists.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As mentioned by other authors, the binary diagnosis based on DSM criteria should not be used in depression research or clinical practice. In addition, the concept of lifetime phenome was derived from neuroticism scores, the presence of lifetime anxiety disorders, and dysthymia [7]. In previous studies, the author of this paper found a strong correlation between the lifetime phenome and current phenome scores [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the concept of lifetime phenome was derived from neuroticism scores, the presence of lifetime anxiety disorders, and dysthymia [7]. In previous studies, the author of this paper found a strong correlation between the lifetime phenome and current phenome scores [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research has found that both a positive family history and ACEs, such as physical and emotional neglect, can be predictors of the MDD phenome [3,4,5,7,8]. Additionally, it was discovered that some of these effects were mediated by the lifetime phenome of MDD [7]. Those models were built using partial least squares (PLS)-SEM analysis, which integrates factor analysis and multiple regression.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At least 5,000 bootstrap samples were utilized in a multistep mediation model. After careful examination of the model fit criteria, these models were validated and found to have strong replicability [1,2,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors

Maes,

Jirakran,

Vasupanrajit

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background: The first author of this paper introduced new precision nomothetic models for a major depressive episode (MDD) which incorporate quantitative scores that measure recurrence of illness (ROI). Objective: To explore the connections between ROI and biomarkers related to an activated immune network, immune-linked neurotoxicity (INT), and a combined INT and atherogenicity index (METAMMUNE). Methods: The study involved 67 healthy controls and 66 outpatient MDD (OMDD) participants. We utilized a Multiplex method to measure 48 cytokines, and developed INT and METAMMUNE composite scores. The measurements included triglycerides, free cholesterol, LDL and HDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein (Apo)A1 and ApoB. Results: A ROI index was successfully created by extracting a validated principal component, from the number of physician-rated depressive episodes, the frequency of lifetime suicidal ideation and attempts. Adverse childhood experiences accounted for 20-22% of the variance in ROI. The latter was significantly associated with INT and METAMMUNE indices, neuroticism, lifetime and current suicidal behaviors, and the phenome (p<0.001). Our analysis revealed that a significant portion (55.1%) of the variance in the OMDD phenome, which includes current suicidal behaviors, anxiety, and depression, can be accounted for by the regression on INT, ROI, and emotional neglect and abuse. A validated latent construct was successfully extracted from the three ROI components, INT and METAMMUNE indices. Conclusions: ROI and associated immune-metabolic biomarkers are indicators of a shared underlying concept, specifically a ROI-neuroimmune-metabolic pathway phenotype. ROI is a crucial indicator of the rising immune-metabolic abnormalities and heightened susceptibility to suicidal tendencies and recurrence of illness.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors

Maes,

Jirakran,

Vasupanrajit

et al. 2024

Preprint

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors

Maes,

Jirakran,

Vasupanrajit

et al. 2024

Psychiatry Research

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The immune checkpoint pathophysiology of depression and chronic fatigue syndrome due to preeclampsia: focus on sCD80 and sCTLA-4

Omar,

Albarzinji,

Niu

et al. 2024

Preprint

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Background. Neuropsychiatric disorders in preeclampsia (PE) women are prevalent and worsen PE outcome. Immune-related biomarkers including soluble sCD80 and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (sCTLA-4) are not well studied in relation to depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue due to PE. Aims. To study serum immune-inflammatory biomarkers of PE and delineate their associations with the Hamilton Depression (HAMD), Anxiety (HAMA), and Fibro-Fatigue (FF) rating Scale scores. Methods. sCD80, sCTLA-4, vitamin D, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, zinc, copper, magnesium, and calcium were measured in 90 PE compared with 60 non-PE pregnant women. Results. PE women show higher depression, anxiety and FF rating scale scores as compared with control women. sCTLA-4, sCD80, and copper were significantly higher and zinc, magnesium, and calcium significantly lower in PE women than in controls. Multiple regression analysis showed that around 55.8%-58.0% of the variance in the HAMD, HAMA and FF scores was explained by the regression on biomarkers; the top 3 most important biomarkers were sCTLA-4, sCD80, and vitamin D. The sCTLA-4/sCD80 ratio was significantly and inversely associated with the HAMD/HAMA/FF scores. We found that around 70% of the variance in systolic blood pressure could be explained by sCTLA-4, vitamin D, calcium, and copper. Conclusions. The findings underscore that PE and depression, anxiety, and chronic fatigue symptoms due to PE are accompanied by activation of the immune-inflammatory response system. More specifically, disbalances among soluble checkpoint molecules seem to be involved in the pathophysiology of hypertension and neuropsychiatric symptoms due to PE.

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Towards a major methodological shift in depression research by assessing continuous scores of recurrence of illness, lifetime and current suicidal behaviors and phenome features

Cited by 7 publications

References 33 publications

The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors

The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors

The recurrence of illness (ROI) index is a key factor in major depression that indicates increasing immune-linked neurotoxicity and vulnerability to suicidal behaviors

The immune checkpoint pathophysiology of depression and chronic fatigue syndrome due to preeclampsia: focus on sCD80 and sCTLA-4

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