Towards a Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction in Indonesia’s Urban Tourism Industry Based on Spatial Information

Abstract

Tourism is among the highest growing sectors in Indonesia, with international tourists' arrival of 14.4 million in 2018 and tourism being the top five export earners for the country. Despite the positive growth, tourism is also a highly volatile industry, easily affected by safety, security and health issues and natural disasters. Being one of the world's most vulnerable countries to hazards, an approach to tourism disaster management is needed to help the affected tourists, tourism industry and communities whose livelihoods depend on tourism to cope with the disasters and its social amplifications. This study which focuses on urban tourism, aims to identify possible tourism disasters in urban areas and develop an approach for disaster management planning which considers the risks in urban tourism, the disaster process and how the interactions of information, organizations and systems can be facilitated and mediated by spatial information in the event and aftermath of disasters. The study uses literature based research methodology in which it uses other study as the data. A framework of urban tourism crises and disaster management that is developed from this study will be discussed further with stakeholders through action research in future study.

Crisis in the city? A systematic literature review of crises and tourism cities

“…Yet, as seen over the past decades and after the coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19), it is an industry that is prone to major crises and disasters that can cause significant loss and damage (Aliperti et al, 2019;Gössling et al, 2020;Ritchie & Jiang, 2019). Large cities, in particular, are considered to be more vulnerable to such events (Agustan & Kausar, 2019) due to their complex nature and characteristics. Therefore, some would expect that crises in tourism cities to be a well-researched topic, considering the significance of urban areas as tourism destinations (Ashworth & Page, 2011;Maxim, 2019).…”

“…The first stagepreparedness and planning -covered aspects related to stakeholder collaboration and cooperation (Çakar, 2018), crisis management plans and strategies (Agustan & Kausar, 2019;Chan, 2011;Orchiston & Higham, 2016), risk reduction related topics (Agustan & Kausar, 2019;Arce et al, 2017;Córdoba Azcárate, 2019;Qiu et al, 2020), and crisis learning (Orchiston & Higham, 2016). The last stage resolution and reflection -included topics related to lessons learned by organizations (Henderson, 1999;Ladkin et al, 2008;Tse et al, 2006), and knowledge management (Faisal et al, 2020a).…”

“…Destinations are indeed vulnerable to many natural and man-made hazards, as well as other external factors such as political and economic instability (Agustan & Kausar, 2019;Çakar, 2018). These environments have been affected by many crises and disasters (Luo & Zhai, 2017;Ritchie & Jiang, 2019), with such events usually having serious consequences for tourism development in the affected areas, or even for the economy as a whole in those countries or regions that rely heavily on tourism (Aliperti et al, 2019).…”

“…To date, few review papers look at how the field of tourism crisis and disasters has developed over the years (Hall, 2010;Ritchie & Jiang, 2019), however, no such studies were found to focus specifically on tourism cities and crises. This is a significant gap, considering that cities, and in particular world tourism cities (Maitland & Newman, 2009;Maxim, 2019) are exposed to many potential crises and disasters (Agustan & Kausar, 2019;Ng & Hills, 2003) due to their complex nature, high inter-connectivity, and diversity (Pearce, 2001(Pearce, , 2011. The lack of studies on this topic may be explained by the lack of attention received in the past by urban tourism in general (Ashworth, 1989;Ashworth & Page, 2011), a field of study that has attracted an increased interest over the past decade (Maxim, 2021).…”

“…The lack of studies on this topic may be explained by the lack of attention received in the past by urban tourism in general (Ashworth, 1989;Ashworth & Page, 2011), a field of study that has attracted an increased interest over the past decade (Maxim, 2021). Nevertheless, tourism cities need to prepare for several different types of crises and disasters (Agustan & Kausar, 2019) that may be caused by economic (González-Pérez et al, 2020;Lim & Won, 2020) or political instability (Türkcan & Öztürk, 2019), terrorism (Cassinger et al, 2018;Litvin & Alderson, 2003), natural disasters (Faisal et al, 2020b), and pandemics (Qiu et al, 2020), to name only a few.…”