Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective

Auffan, Mélanie; Rose, Jérôme; Bottero, Jean‐Yves; Lowry, Gregory V.; Jolivet, Jean‐Pierre; Wiesner, Mark R.

doi:10.1038/nnano.2009.242

Cited by 1,643 publications

(971 citation statements)

References 98 publications

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“…Measurements should be taken in addition to simply monitoring the mass concentration. For example, particle size distribution and particle number in the test media may need to be monitored to aid data interpretation or simply to give the researcher the option of plotting the data against a dose metric other than concentration [19][20][21]. Concerns have been expressed about when and how to change test media during a test.…”

Section: Confirming Exposure; Maintaining Test Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench

Handy

Cornelis

Fernandes

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

295

236

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Abstract-Ecotoxicology research is using many methods for engineered nanomaterials (ENMs), but the collective experience from researchers has not been documented. This paper reports the practical issues for working with ENMs and suggests nano-specific modifications to protocols. The review considers generic practical issues, as well as specific issues for aquatic tests, marine grazers, soil organisms, and bioaccumulation studies. Current procedures for cleaning glassware are adequate, but electrodes are problematic. The maintenance of exposure concentration is challenging, but can be achieved with some ENMs. The need to characterize the media during experiments is identified, but rapid analytical methods are not available to do this. The use of sonication and natural/synthetic dispersants are discussed. Nano-specific biological endpoints may be developed for a tiered monitoring scheme to diagnose ENM exposure or effect. A case study of the algal growth test highlights many small deviations in current regulatory test protocols that are allowed (shaking, lighting, mixing methods), but these should be standardized for ENMs. Invertebrate (Daphnia) tests should account for mechanical toxicity of ENMs. Fish tests should consider semistatic exposure to minimize wastewater and animal husbandry. The inclusion of a benthic test is recommended for the base set of ecotoxicity tests with ENMs. The sensitivity of soil tests needs to be increased for ENMs and shortened for logistics reasons; improvements include using Caenorhabditis elegans, aquatic media, and metabolism endpoints in the plant growth tests. The existing bioaccumulation tests are conceptually flawed and require considerable modification, or a new test, to work for ENMs. Overall, most methodologies need some amendments, and recommendations are made to assist researchers. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:15-31. # 2011 SETAC

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Section: Confirming Exposure; Maintaining Test Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench

Handy

Cornelis

Fernandes

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

295

236

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Fate and transport processes that can act on nanomaterials in products, and after their release, include photochemical transformation, oxidation and reduction, dissolution, precipitation, adsorption, desorption, combustion, biotransformation, and abrasion, among other biogeochemically driven processes [3,6,7]. In addition, ENM are also affected by agglomeration or aggregation and settling [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Nowack¹,

Ranville²,

Diamond³

et al. 2011

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

518

353

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Abstract-The risks associated with exposure to engineered nanomaterials (ENM) will be determined in part by the processes that control their environmental fate and transformation. These processes act not only on ENM that might be released directly into the environment, but more importantly also on ENM in consumer products and those that have been released from the product. The environmental fate and transformation are likely to differ significantly for each of these cases. The ENM released from actual direct use or from nanomaterial-containing products are much more relevant for ecotoxicological studies and risk assessment than pristine ENM. Released ENM may have a greater or lesser environmental impact than the starting materials, depending on the transformation reactions and the material. Almost nothing is known about the environmental behavior and the effects of released and transformed ENM, although these are the materials that are actually present in the environment. Further research is needed to determine whether the release and transformation processes result in a similar or more diverse set of ENM and ultimately how this affects environmental behavior. This article addresses these questions, using four hypothetical case studies that cover a wide range of ENM, their direct use or product applications, and their likely fate in the environment. Furthermore, a more definitive classification scheme for ENM should be adopted that reflects their surface condition, which is a result of both industrial and environmental processes acting on the ENM. The authors conclude that it is not possible to assess the risks associated with the use of ENM by investigating only the pristine form of the ENM, without considering alterations and transformation processes. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:50-59. # 2011 SETAC

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“…showed that they do not show properties that would require regulatory scrutiny beyond that required for their bulk counterparts [15].…”

Section: Nano-scale Definitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Overview of an internationally integrated nanotechnology governance

Devasahayam

2017

Int. J. Metrol. Qual. Eng.

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Abstract. Nanoscience and nanotechnologies (NTs) have huge potential to improve competitiveness and sustainable development across a wide range of industrial sectors. Public perception of NT related to health, safety and environment (HSE) is critical for the responsible development of NT. It warrants a regulatory regime to demonstrate to the general public whether NTs are safe with regard to HSE. This work explores the feasibility of legal metrology (LM) as a platform to address the impact of NT on legal and socio-economic aspects. It considers whether a LM framework needs to be developed for NT and the associated benefits and risks.

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Towards a definition of inorganic nanoparticles from an environmental, health and safety perspective

Cited by 1,643 publications

References 98 publications

Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench

Ecotoxicity test methods for engineered nanomaterials: Practical experiences and recommendations from the bench

Potential scenarios for nanomaterial release and subsequent alteration in the environment

Overview of an internationally integrated nanotechnology governance

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