Towards a Cost Optimal Design for a 5G Mobile Core Network Based on SDN and NFV

Basta, Arsany; Blenk, Andreas; Hoffmann, K.; Morper, Hans Jochen; Hoffmann, Marco; Kellerer, Wolfgang

doi:10.1109/tnsm.2017.2732505

Cited by 90 publications

(60 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…This hardware cost, however, may be a small price to pay to obtain a high bandwidth efficiency and spatial multiplexing gain required for 5G radio access network (RAN) [30]. Since acquiring new spectrum and having them available for 5G NR is a key factor which increases the deployment cost, transceivers with the full utilization capability of the spectrum are desired [31,32]. Furthermore, the subarray structure proposed here limits the number of RF chains to the number of subarrays, which maintains the cost of the radio unit at a reasonable level.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamforming for Rotated 3D Multipanel Array Structures for 5G NR MIMO Transmission

Lee

Ryu

Sung

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

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5G new radio (NR) provides enhanced transmission capabilities to transceivers by utilizing the massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology with a significantly increased number of antenna elements. Such transmission requires massive arrays to perform accurate high-gain beamforming over the millimeter-wave frequency band. There is no fixed form of array structures for 5G NR base stations, but they are likely to include multiple subarrays or panels for practicality of implementation and are expected to cover the user equipment (UE) in various locations. In this paper, we propose an array structure to transmit signals over the three-dimensional (3D) space in an isotropic fashion for all types of UEs in ground, aerial, and high-rise building locations, by employing panels on surfaces of a polyhedron. We further derive exact beamforming equations for the proposed array and show the resulting beams provide improved receiver performance over the exiting conventional beamforming. The presented beamforming expressions can be applied to an arbitrary multipanel array with massive antenna elements.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beamforming for Rotated 3D Multipanel Array Structures for 5G NR MIMO Transmission

Lee

Ryu

Sung

et al. 2019

International Journal of Antennas and Propagation

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Management and Orchestration [7], [60], [185], [107], [342]- [352], [19]- [21], [246] The management and orchestration of both SDN and NFV resources in the context of FNs. QoE-aware/driven softwarized management schemes for multimedia delivery services in FNs are not covered yet.…”

Section: B Ott-isp Collaborative Service Management In Softwarized Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

QoE Management of Multimedia Streaming Services in Future Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

Barakabitze

Barman

Ahmad

et al. 2020

IEEE Commun. Surv. Tutorials

160

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The highly demanding Over-The-Top (OTT) multimedia applications pose increased challenges to Internet Service Providers (ISPs) for assuring a reasonable Quality of Experience (QoE) to their customers due to lack of flexibility, agility and scalability in traditional networks. The future networks are shifting towards the cloudification of the network resources via Software Defined Networks (SDN) and Network Function Virtualization (NFV). This will equip ISPs with cutting-edge technologies to provide service customization during service delivery and offer QoE which meets customers' needs via intelligent QoE control and management approaches. Towards this end, we provide in this paper a tutorial and a comprehensive survey of QoE management solutions in current and future networks. We start with a highlevel description of QoE management for multimedia services, which integrates QoE modelling, monitoring, and optimization. This followed by a discussion of HTTP Adaptive Streaming (HAS) solutions as the dominant technique for streaming videos over the best-effort Internet. We then summarize the key elements in SDN/NFV along with an overview of ongoing research projects, standardization activities and use cases related to SDN, NFV, and other emerging applications. We provide a survey of the state-of-the-art of QoE management techniques categorized into three different groups: a) QoE-aware/driven strategies using SDN and/or NFV; b) QoE-aware/driven approaches for adaptive streaming over emerging architectures such as multi-access edge computing, cloud/fog computing, and information-centric networking; and c) extended QoE management approaches in new domains such as immersive augmented and virtual reality, mulsemedia and video gaming applications. Based on the review, we present a list of identified future QoE management challenges regarding emerging multimedia applications, network management and orchestration, network slicing and collaborative service management in softwarized networks. Finally, we provide a discussion on future research directions with a focus on emerging research areas in QoE management, such as QoEoriented business models, QoE-based big data strategies, and scalability issues in QoE optimization.

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“…f) Network Slicing, Network Softwarization, and Mobile Edge Computing: The new novel concepts of network slicing (NS) and NFV constitute an important part of the list of revolutionary technologies of 5G. In NFV, various network service features are designed as implemented in software that runs on off-the-shelf hardware [42]. The examples of these service feature include caching, network address translation, and domain name services.…”

Section: B 5g New Radio Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Novel 5G AKA, USIM and ECC based design of handoff authentication for 5G-WLAN HetNets will be needed that can extend the provisions of secure and seamless internet connectivity [59]. Many of these additional requirements come from the technology shift to SDN [55] and NF virtualization (NFV) [42], network slicing, massive MIMO [33], NOMA [60], ultra-dense small cell network [40], D2D and M2M communications, and the cloud, and they lead to the need of increased security on the network side. 5G NOMA, mmWave, massive MIMO, and beamforming can improve physical layer security of 5G networks through co-operative jamming [58,61], which will allow secret and high-quality channel with the legitimate UEs while frustrating eavesdroppers with noisy, random, and poor channel conditions.…”

Section: Security Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

et al. 2020

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The capacity and coverage requirements for 5G and beyond wireless connectivity will be significantly different from the predecessor networks. To meet these requirements, the anticipated deployment cost in the UK is predicted to be in between £30bn-£50bn, whereas the current annual capital expenditure (CapEX) of the mobile network operators (MNOs) is £2.5bn. This prospect has vastly impacted and has become one of the major delaying factors for building the 5G physical infrastructure, whereas other areas of 5G developments are progressing at their speeds. Due to the expensive and complicated nature of the physical network infrastructure and spectrum, the second-tier operators, widely known as mobile virtual network operators (MVNO), are entirely dependent on the MNOs. In this paper, an extensive study is conducted to explore the possibilities of reducing the 5G deployment cost and developing business models. This study suggests that the use of existing public infrastructure (e.g., streetlights, telephone poles, etc.) has a great potential to contribute to a reduction of about 40% to 60% anticipated cost for the 5G network. This paper also reviews the recent Ofcom initiatives to release location-based licenses of the 5G-compatible radio spectrum at a nominal cost. Our study suggests that simplification of infrastructure and spectrum will encourage the exponential growth of scenario-specific cellular networks and will potentially disrupt the current business models of telecommunication business stakeholders -specifically MNOs and TowerCos. These scenario-specific networks are expected to be: a) private networks, b) community networks, and c) microoperators. Furthermore, due to the feasibility of dense device connectivity with 5G, the resolution of traditional and nontraditional data availability will increase significantly. This will encourage extensive data harvesting as a business opportunity and function within small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) as well as within large social networks. Consequently, the rise of new infrastructures and spectrum stakeholders is anticipated. This will fuel the development of a 5G data exchange ecosystem where data transactions are deemed to be high-value business commodities. The privacy and security of such data, as well as definitions of the associated revenue models and ownership, are challenging areas -and these have yet to emerge and mature fully. In this direction, this paper proposes the development of a unified data hub with layered structured privacy and security along with blockchain and encrypted off-chain based ownership/royalty

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Towards a Cost Optimal Design for a 5G Mobile Core Network Based on SDN and NFV

Cited by 90 publications

References 29 publications

Beamforming for Rotated 3D Multipanel Array Structures for 5G NR MIMO Transmission

Beamforming for Rotated 3D Multipanel Array Structures for 5G NR MIMO Transmission

QoE Management of Multimedia Streaming Services in Future Networks: A Tutorial and Survey

The Potential Short- and Long-Term Disruptions and Transformative Impacts of 5G and Beyond Wireless Networks: Lessons Learnt From the Development of a 5G Testbed Environment

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