Towards a better understanding of the relationship between greenspace and health: Development of a theoretical framework

Lachowycz, Kate; Jones, Andy

doi:10.1016/j.landurbplan.2012.10.012

Cited by 398 publications

(299 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Takano et al (2002) observed that the probability of five year survival of the senior citizens studied increased in accordance with the availability of walkable green streets and spaces near the residence (Takano et al 2002). The current review was limited to mortality in adults, however, we are aware of the existence of two studies that also suggest that increasing greenness might reduce neonatal (Kihal- Talantikite (Shanahan et al 2015;Wolf and Robbins 2015), and d) to enhance social interactions (Bowler et al 2010;Lachowycz and Jones 2013). Some of these mechanisms are likely to be more associated with surrounding greenness (e.g.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Residential green spaces and mortality: A systematic review

Gascón

Triguero-Mas

Martínez

et al. 2016

Environment International

623

338

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Background: A number of studies have associated natural outdoor environments with reduced mortality but there is no systematic review synthesizing the evidence. Objectives:We aimed to systematically review the available evidence on the association between long-term exposure to residential green and blue spaces and mortality in adults, and make recommendations for further research. As a secondary aim, we also conducted meta-analyses to explore the magnitude of and heterogeneity in the risk estimates.Methods: Following the PRISMA statement guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis, two independent reviewers searched studies using keywords related to natural outdoor environments and mortality.Discussion: Our review identified twelve eligible studies conducted in North America, Europe, and Oceania with study populations ranging from 1645 up to more than 43 million individuals. These studies are heterogeneous in design, study population, green space assessment and covariate data. We found that the majority of studies show a reduction of the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in areas with higher residential greenness. Evidence of a reduction of all-cause mortality is more limited, and no benefits of residential greenness on lung cancer mortality are observed. There were no studies on blue spaces. Conclusions:This review supports the hypothesis that living in areas with higher amounts of green spaces reduces mortality, mainly CVD. Further studies such as cohort studies with more and better covariate data, improved green space assessment and accounting well for socioeconomic status are needed to provide further and more complete evidence, as well as studies evaluating the benefits of blue spaces.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Residential green spaces and mortality: A systematic review

Gascón

Triguero-Mas

Martínez

et al. 2016

Environment International

623

338

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“…Hartig et al (2014) suggested four interacting pathways through which green space can affect health and well-being: (1) improved air quality, (2) enhanced physical activity, (3) stress compensation and (4) greater social cohesion. Lachowycz and Jones (2013) proposed physical activity, engagement with nature, relaxation, and social interactions as major pathways to health. Villanueva et al (2015) argued that urban green spaces mitigate the urban heat island effect providing protection from heat-related health hazards, improve social capital and cohesion, and enhance physical activity.…”

Section: Pathways Linking Urban Green Space With Health and Well-beingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Urban Green Space on Environmental Health, Equity and Resilience

Braubach

Egorov

Mudu

et al. 2017

Theory and Practice of Urban Sustainability Transitions

134

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Modern urban life style is associated with chronic stress, insufficient physical activity and exposure to anthropogenic environmental hazards. Urban green space, such as parks, playgrounds, and residential greenery, can promote mental and physical health and reduce morbidity and mortality in urban residents by providing psychological relaxation and stress alleviation, stimulating social cohesion, supporting physical activity, and reducing exposure to air pollutants, noise and excessive heat.This chapter summarizes the pathways that link green spaces to health and wellbeing, and discusses available evidence of specific beneficial effects such as improved mental health, reduced risks of cardiovascular disease, obesity, diabetes and death, and improved pregnancy outcomes Specific attention is given to benefits of urban green space for disadvantaged groups and their impacts on health equity. Potential health risks associated with urban green spaces are also discussed along with approaches to reducing or eliminating these risks through proper design and maintenance of green spaces.

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“…2) By establishing the simplified model to simulate the speed attenuation process, and comparing with the experimental results, the errors are acceptable within reasonable range, implying that the simplified model could actually reflect the buffering process of the plants. 3) From the analysis of the simplified model, it can be found that the two types of resistance produced by the plants, i.e. counterforce of plants trunks and friction of branches and leaves are the major factors during the vehicle deceleration, while tyre rolling resistance is also a significant factor.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It was found that the natural landscapes gave a stronger health effect compared to urban landscapes. Lachowycz [3] developed a framework about the relationships between green space and health. Another functional benefit is that greening improves the ecological environment.…”

Section: Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%