Toward understanding the 2019 Coronavirus and its impact on the heart

Becker, Richard C.

doi:10.1007/s11239-020-02107-6

Cited by 28 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…Coronaviruses belong to the subfamily Coronavirineae in the family of coronavitidae of the order nidovirales (reviewed in Becker) [10]. The genome is a singlestranded positive-sense RNA (30 kb) with a 5′ cap structure and a 3′-poly-A tail.…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The E protein is involved with virus assembly and pathogenesis. The N protein packages and encapsulates the genome into virions and also antagonizes silencing RNA (reviewed in Becker) [10].…”

Section: Sars-cov-2 Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The available information suggests that SARS-CoV-2 binds to host cells via the angiotensin converting-enzyme (ACE) 2 receptor (R)-a metallopeptidase (reviewed in Becker) [10]. ACE2 mRNA is present in all major organs, however, its protein expression is greatest in several key organs and locations that play important roles in the initiation of infection and its phenotypic expression, including venous, arterial and microvascular thrombosis.…”

Section: Binding To Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy

Becker

2020

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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646

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We are too much accustomed to attribute to a single cause that which is the product of several, and the majority of our controversies come from that. Marcus AureliusThe Covid-19 pandemic has introduced an array of organspecific and systemic phenotypes-some previously observed in viral infections, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and others that appear to be unique to SARScoronavirus (CoV)-2. Rapidly emerging information from clinical observations, autopsy-based findings, extrapolations from in vitro and ex vivo studies and dynamic modeling are informing management guidelines; however, many questions remain unanswered and clinical trials that are required to provide evidence have not been completed in most areas. Among the many questions that require careful thought, reflection and investigation are the mechanism(s) underlying the development of a systemic coagulopathy and acquired thrombophilia characterized in a majority of cases by a proclivity for venous, arterial and microvascular thrombosis.The following review summarizes emerging insights into the pathobiology, mechanism(s), diagnosis, management, foundations for research and either planned or ongoing clinical trials for Covid-19-associated coagulopathy.

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Section: Sars-cov-2 Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Sars-cov-2 Virusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Binding To Host Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy

Becker

2020

J Thromb Thrombolysis

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608

646

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“…As our group has previously published, optimal health requires an optimal ability to effectively utilize oxygen and water [1,9], not just forcing an extraordinary amount of oxygen into the tissues (via ventilator therapy), which can (and does) induce severe oxidative damage when the intracellular machinery to enable its effective use is lacking. Dr. Eddy Fan, an expert on respiratory treatment at Toronto General Hospital, stated, "One of the most important ndings in the last few decades is that medical ventilation can worsen lung injury -so we have to be careful how we use it" [53][54][55][56][57][58].…”

Section: Determinants Of In Ammatory Responsivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

An Iron-Free VMP35 Multi-nutrient Complex Modulates an Array of Homeostatic Biological Parameters: Promoting Hemoglobinization, Aerobic Metabolism, Viral Immuno-competence, and Inflammatory Regulation

Blum¹,

Downs²,

Bagchi³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Integrity of hemoglobin is a crucial determining factor for the overall health functions. Nutrient repletion therapy should be a fundamental strategy to restore the healthy properties of blood. A unique patent-pending iron-free VMP35 formulation was engineered by our laboratory to restore iron-dependent hemoglobin in anemic cells using a proprietary Prodosome® absorption technology. This formulation, containing an array of nano-emulsified botanical ingredients rich in bioflavonoids, strengthens the structural integrity of connective tissues, and potentiates immune competence, cellular aerobic metabolism, and enhances efficient regulation of inflammatory events. We discuss the intricate aspects of strong vs. fragile immunity and consequential inflammatory responses to convey a deeper understanding of the varied and overly complex sequela of immunological behaviors and events. The effect of the VMP35 is mediated through highly absorbable nutritional/nutrigenomic repletion enabling improvements in the systemic set of functional behaviors. In fact, the iron-free VMP35 facilitates a “Systems Biology Approach” which restores hemoglobin status, reverses anaerobic hypoxia, improves competent immune responsivity, and regulates appropriate and controlled activation of inflammatory sequela. Under these pathogenic circumstances, iron-deficiency anemia has been misconceptualized, and a new nosological term, Chronic Anemia Syndrome, is proposed. The comparative therapeutic rationale of Reductionist vs. Systems Biology approaches is also explained in detail. Methods: The efficacy of the novel therapeutic iron-free VMP35 liquid nutraceutical is detailed in restoring iron-dependent hemoglobin to RBCs and boosting cellular morphology, viability, and immune competence, thereby reducing the need for prolonging inflammatory sequela. Results: This was demonstrated in a previous IRB approved multi-subject human study. In addition, two recent case studies report dramatic restorative benefits of nutrient repletion therapy of the VMP35 on subjects having experienced near-fatal events, which confirmed the findings explained in this manuscript. Conclusions: This novel iron-free VMP35 modulates an array of homeostatic biological parameters such as enhanced hemoglobinization, aerobic metabolism, viral immuno-competence, and inflammatory regulation. Further research, examining mechanistic and beneficial effects in athletic performance, is in progress. Importantly, during these troubled immune challenging times, modulating an array of homeostatic immunological and inflammatory dysfunctions are tantamount to improved population outcomes. Trial Registration: The Clinical investigation in a total of 38 subjects was conducted under an Institutional Review Board (IRB) from the Path Foundation in New York, NY (#13-009 April 25, 2013). The two case studies were done at Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, PA, and Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, PA, USA. Both studies were retrospectively registered.

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“…Some of the COVID-19 cases in the early period were found to be associated with a seafood market in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China, and now COVID-19 has spread to more than 100 countries outside of China. The SARS-CoV-2 on the one hand exerts harmful effects on organs, such as heart 6 and liver 7 of human beings and to some extent increases the incidence of Measles 8 ; on the other hand it also influences the weather forecast and climatic record 9 . As of July 27, 2020, the cumulative number of infected cases of COVID-19 in colored regions of the map had exceeded 10000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect evaluation of non-pharmaceutical interventions taken in China to contain the COVID-19 epidemic based on the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model

Wang

Shou

Lou

2020

Preprint

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The spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) had resulted in 16 million infected individuals and 640000 deaths across the world as of July 27, 2020. Unfortunately, there is still no sign that the epidemic spread is slowing down. China, as the first country suffering from the widespread outbreak of the epidemic, has effectively contained the spread of the epidemic since March, 2020. Therefore, confirmed cases of COVID-19 from January 20 to March 18, 2020 were taken as the sample set to establish the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered (SEIR) model. The model was used to analyze changes in the numbers of individuals becoming infected, exposed (latently infected), susceptible, and recovered in the experimental groups taking different non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) and in the control group not taking any NPIs, so as to evaluate effects of different NPIs. By doing so, the research expects to provide references to other countries for formulating corresponding policies. The results show that type-A NPIs for reducing daily contacts with infected and exposed cases and type-B NPIs for decreasing the probability of post-exposure infections both can delay the timing of large-scale infections of the susceptible population, timing of the number of exposed individuals to peak, and timing of peaking of the number of infected cases, as well as decrease the peak number of exposed cases. Moreover, type-B NPIs have more significant effects on susceptible and exposed populations. Type-C NPIs for improving the recovery rate of patients are able to effectively reduce the peak number of patients, greatly decrease the slope of the curve for the number of infected cases, substantially improve the recovery rate, and lower the mortality rate; however, these NPIs do not greatly delay the timing of the number of infected cases to peak. In addition to these, considering effects of different NPIs on the susceptible and exposed populations and in delaying the timing for the number of infected cases to peak, it is found that the government’s organization of medical supply related companies to resume production exerts the best effect. As for reducing the epidemic number of patients in the core epidemic area (CEA, Hubei Province), delivery and putting-into-operation of Leishenshan hospital shows the best effect, followed by dispatching of medical staff to support Wuhan, delivery and putting-into-operation of Huoshenshan hospital, and construction of mobile cabin hospitals.

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Toward understanding the 2019 Coronavirus and its impact on the heart

Cited by 28 publications

References 56 publications

COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy

COVID-19 update: Covid-19-associated coagulopathy

An Iron-Free VMP35 Multi-nutrient Complex Modulates an Array of Homeostatic Biological Parameters: Promoting Hemoglobinization, Aerobic Metabolism, Viral Immuno-competence, and Inflammatory Regulation

Effect evaluation of non-pharmaceutical interventions taken in China to contain the COVID-19 epidemic based on the susceptible-exposed-infected-recovered model

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