Toward the Science and Practice of Anti-Racism: Launching a National Campaign Against Racism

Jones, Camara Phyllis

doi:10.18865/ed.28.s1.231

Cited by 197 publications

(166 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(14 reference statements)

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“…These trends have incited important discussions about systemic racial disparities in the US healthcare system, and may afford a critical opportunity to seriously consider how to address the structural factors driving such disparities in our healthcare system. Some, like former president of the American Public Health Association, Dr. Camara Jones, have called on us to recognize structural racism as "a system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on the social interpretation of how one looks;" and the root cause of all differences in any health outcome associated with race (27). As such, racism itself is an important social determinant of health, that necessitates a structural intervention (27).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some, like former president of the American Public Health Association, Dr. Camara Jones, have called on us to recognize structural racism as "a system of structuring opportunity and assigning value based on the social interpretation of how one looks;" and the root cause of all differences in any health outcome associated with race (27). As such, racism itself is an important social determinant of health, that necessitates a structural intervention (27). Acknowledging these complex dynamics, one city, Milwaukee, declared racism as a public health crisis in the summer of 2019 (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Individual, Community, and Structural Factors Associated With Linkage to HIV Care Among People Diagnosed with HIV in Tennessee

Ahonkhai

Rebeiro

Jenkins

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background We assessed trends and identified individual- and county-level factors associated with linkage to HIV care in Tennessee (TN). Methods TN residents diagnosed with HIV from 2012–2016 were included in the analysis (n = 3,750). Linkage was defined by the first CD4 or HIV RNA test date at or after HIV diagnosis. We used modified Poisson regression to estimate probability of 30-day linkage to care at the individual- and county-levels. Results Both MSM (aRR 1.16, 95%CI 1.01–1.32) and women who reported heterosexual sex risk factors (aRR 1.28, 95%CI 1.11–1.48) were more likely to link to care within 30-days than heterosexual males. Non-Hispanic Black individuals had poorer linkage than White individuals (aRR 0.77, 95%CI 0.72–0.83). County-level mentally unhealthy days were negatively associated with linkage (aRR 0.59, 95%CI 0.40–0.88). Conclusions Disparities persist at both individual and county levels and may warrant structural interventions to address racism and mental health needs.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Individual, Community, and Structural Factors Associated With Linkage to HIV Care Among People Diagnosed with HIV in Tennessee

Ahonkhai

Rebeiro

Jenkins

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In contrast to these conventional frameworks, public health authorities have called for analyses that center disparities and for engagement in anti-racist action (Jones 2001). The American Public Health Association (APHA) recently launched a National Campaign Against Racism (Jones 2018) that suggests going beyond an individual focus (e.g. who is or isn't racist) to ask, "how is racism operating here?"…”

Section: Law Enforcement Discretion Priorities and Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…who is or isn't racist) to ask, "how is racism operating here?" within structures, policies, practices, norms and values (Jones 2018). One mechanism for how racism operates in the application of justice is through individual and agency discretion.…”

Section: Law Enforcement Discretion Priorities and Disparitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Re-prioritizing traffic stops to reduce motor vehicle crash outcomes and racial disparities

et al. 2020

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Background: Law enforcement traffic stops are one of the most common entryways to the US justice system. Conventional frameworks suggest traffic stops promote public safety by reducing dangerous driving practices and non-vehicular crime. Law enforcement agencies have wide latitude in enforcement, including prioritization of stop types: (1) safety (e.g. moving violation) stops, (2) investigatory stops, or (3) economic (regulatory and equipment) stops. In order to prevent traffic crash fatalities and reduce racial disparities, the police department of Fayetteville, North Carolina significantly re-prioritized safety stops. Methods: Annual traffic stop, motor vehicle crash, and crime data from 2002 to 2016 were combined to examine intervention (2013-2016) effects. Fayetteville was compared against synthetic control agencies built from 8 similar North Carolina agencies by weighted matching on pre-intervention period trends and comparison against postintervention trends. Results: On average over the intervention period as compared to synthetic controls, Fayetteville increased both the number of safety stops + 121% (95% confidence interval + 17%, + 318%) and the relative proportion of safety stops (+ 47%). Traffic crash and injury outcomes were reduced, including traffic fatalities − 28% (− 64%, + 43%), injurious crashes − 23% (− 49%, + 16%), and total crashes − 13% (− 48%, + 21%). Disparity measures were reduced, including Black percent of traffic stops − 7% (− 9%, − 5%) and Black vs. White traffic stop rate ratio − 21% (− 29%, − 13%). In contrast to the Ferguson Effect hypothesis, the relative de-prioritization of investigatory stops was not associated with an increase in non-traffic crime outcomes, which were reduced or unchanged, including index crimes − 10% (− 25%, + 8%) and violent crimes − 2% (− 33%, + 43%). Confidence intervals were estimated using a different technique and, given small samples, may be asymmetrical. Conclusions: The re-prioritization of traffic stop types by law enforcement agencies may have positive public health consequences both for motor vehicle injury and racial disparity outcomes while having little impact on nontraffic crime.

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“…Finally, this section includes a commentary on anti-racism. Jones 14 describes her experience in putting racism at the forefront during her tenure as president of American Association of Public Health (APHA) and her use of allegories such as the Gardener's Tale or the Cliff Analogy to call attention to how racism impacts our lives. During her term at APHA, she proposed the launching of a National Campaign against Racism to bring attention to this foundational pillar of our history and root cause of health inequity.…”

Section: Applying Critical Race Theorymentioning

confidence: 99%

Editorial: Critical Race Theory: Why Should We Care about Applying It in our Research?

Borrell

2018

Ethn Dis

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Toward the Science and Practice of Anti-Racism: Launching a National Campaign Against Racism

Abstract: <em>Ethn Dis.</em> 2018;28(Suppl 1):231-234; doi:10.18865/ed.28.S1.231.

Cited by 197 publications

References 10 publications

Individual, Community, and Structural Factors Associated With Linkage to HIV Care Among People Diagnosed with HIV in Tennessee

Individual, Community, and Structural Factors Associated With Linkage to HIV Care Among People Diagnosed with HIV in Tennessee

Re-prioritizing traffic stops to reduce motor vehicle crash outcomes and racial disparities

Editorial: Critical Race Theory: Why Should We Care about Applying It in our Research?

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