Toward the prediction of pore volumes and freeze-thaw performance of concrete using thermodynamic modelling

Bharadwaj, Keshav; Glosser, Deborah; Moradllo, Mehdi Khanzadeh; Isgor, O. Burkan; Weiss, Jason

doi:10.1016/j.cemconres.2019.105820

Cited by 59 publications

(14 citation statements)

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“…The results show that increasing SCM replacement and air content significantly reduce the damage at any given exposure duration, an observation in alignment with literature [ 15 ]. The increase in durability due to air entrainment could be linked to the reduction in the degree of saturation due to changed (slower) sorption behavior of the air voids [ 3 , 33 , 35 ]. In addition, the air voids provide ‘space’ which reduces expansion/crystallization pressures associated with the formation of calcium oxychloride and other phases [ 3 ].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Durability of concretes exposed to high concentrations of CaCl2 and MgCl2

2022

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In cold regions, calcium and magnesium chloride deicing salts damage concrete pavements due to the formation of certain deleterious chemical phases, including calcium oxychloride. While there is much research at a cement paste-scale, damage in concrete has been less studied. In this study, we evaluate concrete damage due to calcium and magnesium chloride and explain the roles of supplementary cementitious materials (SCM) replacement level, air entrainment, salt type, and exposure conditions in damage development. Various non-destructive test methods including bulk resistivity, mass change, and visual damage assessment were used to monitor the damage over time. Damage was reduced as the SCM replacement level and air content increased, regardless of exposure conditions. Bulk resistivity and visual assessment were promising indicators of damage. The product of 91-day bulk resistivity and the air content predicted concrete performance when exposed to concentrated deicing salts. Based on several criteria, mixtures with 20% fly ash replacement level or 35% slag mitigated damage significantly when the air content was greater than 5% by concrete volume. Damage mitigation mechanisms of SCM and air are discussed. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1617/s11527-022-01992-y.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 c) Group 1 mixtures. The mass increases as the specimens are exposed to the salt solutions [ 15 , 35 ]. Despite the scatter, the mass change behavior is roughly linear.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Durability of concretes exposed to high concentrations of CaCl2 and MgCl2

2022

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“…The porosity of mortar with two different mix ratios is given in Table 5 . According to the literature [ 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 ], pores less than 50 nm, 50–500 nm, and greater than 500 nm are defined as harmless pores, less harmful pores, and harmful pores, respectively.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of MgO Expansive Agent and Steel Fiber on Crack Resistance of a Bridge Deck

Jiang

Deng

et al. 2020

Materials

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To prevent cracks caused by shrinkage of the deck of the Xiaoqing River Bridge, MgO concrete (MC) and steel fiber reinforced MgO concrete (SMC) were used. The deformation and strength of the deck were measured in the field, the resistance to chloride penetration of the concrete was measured in the laboratory, and the pore structure of the concrete was analyzed by a mercury intrusion porosimeter (MIP). The results showed that the expansion caused by the hydration of MgO could suppress the shrinkage of the bridge deck, and the deformation of the deck changed from −88.3 × 10−6 to 24.9 × 10−6, effectively preventing shrinkage cracks. At the same time, due to the restriction of the expansion of MgO by the steel bars, the expansion of the bridge deck in the later stage gradually stabilized, and no harmful expansion was produced. When steel fiber and MgO were used at the same time, the three-dimensional distribution of steel fiber further limited the expansion of MgO. The hydration expansion of MgO in confined space reduced the porosity of concrete, optimized the pore structure, and improved the strength and durability of concrete. The research on the performance of concrete in the in-situ test section showed that MgO and steel fiber were safe for the bridge deck, which not only solved the problem of shrinkage cracking of the bridge deck but also further improved the mechanical properties of the bridge deck.

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“…Thermodynamic modeling has also been used in conjunction with the concepts of Power's and Brownyard's model [186,187] to determine the pore structure of OPC [123] and OPC+SCM pastes [188,189]. The work on pastes has also been extended to concrete to predict the porosity, pore volumes, and service life of concrete [190]. In this work, thermodynamic modeling is used to study the impact of using PLCs as a direct replacement for OPCs.…”

Section: Background and Literature Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%