Toward the optimal waveform for electrical stimulation of human muscle

Bennie, Scott Douglas; Petrofsky, Jerrold; Nisperos, Jodi; Tsurudome, Mitchell; Laymon, Michael

doi:10.1007/s00421-002-0711-4

Cited by 65 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(21 reference statements)

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“…Several studies showed interesting data in other applications on the influence of the waveform on the efficacy and the response of nerve stimulation. [16][17][18][19]21 Besides, more and more studies have revealed that some waveforms, like biphasic waveforms, are preferred by the patients 14,15 for ES.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…7,13 On the other hand, these results also suggest that it is possible to have similar results using waveforms with different charge per time and power. This can be important for patient's comfort 16,22 or for energy consumption of stimulator implants. Comparison of electrical charges per second and of average power is justified, because it is critical for producing changes in biological systems when using ES.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In striated skeletal muscles, muscle strength can be less successfully restored by square wave pulses than with other types of waveforms. 16 Sahin and Tie 17 and others 18 concluded that some other waveforms were more effective for neural stimulation than the monophasic square wave, while Field-Fote et al 19 concluded that monophasic and biphasic stimulation evoke different nerve responses. These other waveform types have not been tested for IVES so far.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

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Evaluating the use of different waveforms for intravesical electrical stimulation: A study in the rat

Bock

Dirckx

Wyndaele

2010

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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Charge-balanced waveforms, which are more preferred by patients, are equally effective in evoking IVES-induced detrusor contraction as monophasic square pulse waveforms. Thus, it can be beneficial in clinical practice to replace the monophasic square pulse waveform for IVES by charge-balanced waveforms. Furthermore, the stimulation power and thus the requested energy can be reduced by changing the waveform. This can be important for electrical stimulation using implanted batteries.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Evaluating the use of different waveforms for intravesical electrical stimulation: A study in the rat

Bock

Dirckx

Wyndaele

2010

Neurourology and Urodynamics

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“…However, the increase of pain and discomfort level depends on current intensity during electrical stimulation. It has been reported that some subjects complained severe pain with electrical stimulation for muscle strengthening [29]. This pain could be so uncomfortable that many subjects prefer not using this modality even though there was good therapeutic [29].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that some subjects complained severe pain with electrical stimulation for muscle strengthening [29]. This pain could be so uncomfortable that many subjects prefer not using this modality even though there was good therapeutic [29]. Thus, current intensity which was set for ES must be considered a balance between tolerance pain and maximum muscle loading.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Eccentric Contractions Induced Electrical Stimulation Training System on Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

Tanaka¹,

Nakanishi²,

Maeshige³

et al. 2017

IJCM

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We developed an eccentric contraction induced electrical stimulation (ES) training system. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the eccentric contraction induced ES enhance the knee extension torque compared with typical ES. Twenty-two young untrained men (age: 23 ± 3 years) in the acute response trial (single training) and seven untrained men in the long period training trial (for 6 weeks) were studied. We measured muscle thickness and knee extension torque evoked by ES with eccentric contraction training system (ES + ECC) or ES alone for the quadriceps muscle of men. The levels of pain and discomfort were evaluated using numeric rating scale (NRS) and heart rate variability. The knee extension torque of ES + ECC was higher than that of ES alone in the acute response trial. There were no significant differences in the levels of pain and discomfort between ES and ES + ECC. Additionally, ES + ECC training for 6 weeks was effective on the quadriceps muscle thickness and knee extension torque. In contrast, the ES alone training failed to increase muscle thickness and knee extension torque. These results suggest that eccentric contraction induced ES would have the potential to become an effective intervention to promote muscle strengthening.

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The risk of central nervous system metastases after trastuzumab therapy in patients with breast carcinoma

Montemurro

Aglietta

2005

Cancer

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W e read with much interest the report by Lai et al. showing that trastuzumab therapy is not associated with an increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) metastases in patients with breast carcinoma. 1 However, we believe that the authors' findings, as presented, leave one relevant aspect of the hypothetical correlation between HER-2 positivity, treatment with trastuzumab, and the development of CNS metastases unaddressed.Several recent reports have shown that in the era of taxanes, trastuzumab, and many other new anticancer treatments, patients with metastatic breast carcinoma develop CNS metastases more frequently than in the past. 2 One hypothesis is that, although active and resulting in long-term control in extra-CNS sites, the majority of these drugs do not accumulate in the CNS. Consequently, the survival of patients is prolonged, and CNS micrometastases might have time to grow into overt metastases. Under this hypothesis, we are not surprised that in the study by Lai et al. the risk of CNS metastases was high, and was similar in patients receiving and not receiving trastuzumab. However, calculating risks involves including in the denominators all the patients registered in the study cohorts (both those exposed and unexposed to trastuzumab), regardless of the individual time at risk for the development of CNS metastases during the followup period of the study. More simply, if one patient develops CNS metastases after 2 months and another after 20 months from the starting point of the follow-up period, they will contribute equally to the denominator of the risk, together with patients who do not develop CNS metastases during the entire duration of the follow-up period. If HER-2 positivity confers a more aggressive clinical course 3 and, perhaps, CNS tropism, 4 and if trastuzumab does not control CNS disease sites, 5 the relative risk as a measure of effect would surely not account for a possibly different clinical behavior observed in the two cohorts studied by Lai et al. 1 We wonder whether measuring the incidence rate of CNS progression, and reporting the incidence rate ratio as a measure of effect, would have been more appropriate for assessing whether CNS progression occurs more rapidly in patients with HER-2-positive tumors who are being treated with trastuzumab. In fact, calculation of the incidence rate involves tallying the time at risk of developing the event for each patient in the denominators (i.e., "total months at risk"). In the case of a similar number of events in the two cohorts at the end of the follow-up period, faster disease progression would imply a smaller denominator and therefore a higher incidence rate.Providing incidence ratios of CNS metastases, together with data regarding the overall survival from the onset of metastatic disease and the time to CNS progression in the two patient cohorts, would cer-

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Toward the optimal waveform for electrical stimulation of human muscle

Cited by 65 publications

References 23 publications

Evaluating the use of different waveforms for intravesical electrical stimulation: A study in the rat

Evaluating the use of different waveforms for intravesical electrical stimulation: A study in the rat

Effects of Eccentric Contractions Induced Electrical Stimulation Training System on Quadriceps Femoris Muscle

The risk of central nervous system metastases after trastuzumab therapy in patients with breast carcinoma

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