Toward the delineation of therapeutic change principles.

Goldfried, Marvin R.

doi:10.1037/0003-066x.35.11.991

Cited by 485 publications

(259 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The expectations patients hold regarding the effects of psychotherapy have long been considered a key ingredient and common factor of successful psychotherapy (e.g., Goldfried, 1980). Indeed, it has been shown that positive outcome expectancies for treatment predict better therapy outcomes (for a meta-analysis, see Constantino, Arnkoff, Glass, Ametrano & Smith, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: A neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation

Raedt

Hooley

2016

Clinical Psychology Review

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When confronted with stressful or emotionally arousing situations, regulatory abilities should allow us to adaptively cope. However, depressed individuals often have a low sense of perceived control and are characterized by a negative expectation bias regarding their ability to deal with future stressful events. Low expectancy concerning the ability to deal with future stressful events may result in less initiation of proactive control, a crucial mechanism of cognitive control reflecting sustained and anticipatory maintenance of goal-relevant information in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex to optimize cognitive performance. In this theoretical review we integrate a diverse body of literature. We argue that the expectancy of an individual's regulatory abilities prior to the presentation of an arousing event or stressful task will be related to anticipation and proactive up-or down regulation of specific neurocircuits before the actual encounter with the stressful event occurs, in a manner that can be either adaptive or maladaptive. Moreover, we discuss the important role of self-esteem as well as the ability to accept the situation when coping is not possible. Our approach has implications for a broad range of disorders and conditions in which stress regulation plays a role, and can be used to guide the use of recently developed clinical interventions, as well as to fine-tune interventions to facilitate proactive control. Cortex, stress regulation, anticipation, depression, proactive control, coping, self-esteem, When we are confronted with situations or thoughts perceived as unpleasant, aversive or threatening, a series of biological and psychological processes is activated, generating a coordinated response. This so-called stress response is triggered when an individual's well-being or health is threatened. Relational or financial problems, unpredictability, an acute threat, or a challenging situation such as a job interview are examples of stressful situations or stressors that can initiate a stress response. Regulatory abilities, which we call stress regulation, generally allow us to cope with these situations in an adaptive way. However, there are large individual differences in how well people handle life stressors. Indeed, problems with stress regulation are thought to play a central role in the development and clinical course of depression (Hooley, Orley & Teasdale, 1986;Hankin, 2008;Morris, Ciesla & Garber, 2010). It has also been suggested that, over time, depressive episodes can be triggered by progressively milder and milder stressors (Monroe & Harkness, 2005; but see also Anderson et al., 2016). Keywords: Dorsolateral PrefrontalResearch shows the important role of stress regulation in the development of different forms of psychopathology, such as depression, where psychosocial stressors are strongly implicated in the triggering of new episodes (Kendler et al., 2000).Understanding the role of stressors in depression requires consideration of the interaction between biological, cognitive ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: A neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation

Raedt

Hooley

2016

Clinical Psychology Review

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“…Treatment can be characterized across a continuum ranging from broad molar classifications (e.g., theoretical orientations) to molecular level detailed verbal and non-verbal behaviors (13). "Clinical strategies" represent an intermediate level of analysis and include therapeutic techniques (e.g., modeling of skills, interpreting meaning of behavior) and content (e.g., problem solving skills, family member roles) (14). The most objective method to assess clinical strategies in psychotherapy is direct observation, but it is labor-intensive (11).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mental Health Care for Children With Disruptive Behavior Problems: A View Inside Therapists' Offices

Garland¹,

Brookman‐Frazee²,

Hurlburt³

et al. 2010

Psychiatric Services

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Objectives-In the United States, more money is spent on treatment for children's mental health problems than for any other childhood medical condition, yet little is known about usual care (UC) treatment for children. Objectives of this study were to a) characterize UC out-patient psychotherapy for children with disruptive behavior problems, and b) identify consistencies and inconsistencies between UC and common elements of evidence-based practices to inform efforts to implement evidence-based practices in UC.Methods-Participants included 96 psychotherapists and 191 children ages 4-13 presenting for treatment for disruptive behavior to one of six UC clinics. An adapted version of the Therapy Process Observational Coding System for Child Psychotherapy -Strategies scale (TPOCS-S) was used to assess psychotherapy processes in 1215 randomly selected (out of 3241 collected) videotaped treatment sessions for up to 16 months.Results-Most children received a lot of treatment (mean number of sessions=22, plus other auxiliary services), and there was great variability in amount and type of care received. Therapists employed a wide array of treatment strategies directed to children and parents within and across sessions, but all strategies were delivered at low average intensity. Several strategies conceptually consistent with evidence-based practices were observed frequently (e.g., affect education, positive reinforcement); however, others were observed rarely (e.g., assigning/reviewing homework, roleplaying).Conclusion-UC treatment for these youths reflected great breadth but not depth. The results highlight specific discrepancies between evidence-based care and UC, thus identifying potentially potent targets for improving the effectiveness of UC.

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“…Zarazem pozwala pokazać istotną tu tezę, że do integracji asymilacyjnej i ewentualnej późniejszej teoretycznej prowadzi nie koncentracja na tym, co między teoriami i terapiami jest wspólne, lecz na tym, jakie są między nimi wyraziste różnice. Goldfried (1980) utrzymuje, że czynników wspólnych nie powinno się szukać ani na abstrakcyjnym poziomie teorii, ani na konkretnym -technik, lecz na poziomie pośrednim, który nazywa poziomem strategii klinicznych. Poziom ten jednak, właśnie dlatego, że nie wiąże techniki/interwencji z teorią, choć intuicyjnie obiecujący, przy bliższych analizach jawi się jako nieużyteczny.…”

Section: Czym Jest Gestalt W Praktyce Terapeutycznej I Dlaczego Nie Munclassified

Czy teoria kliniczna jest w psychoterapii potrzebna i czym dla niej jest: rozważania o integracji psychoterapii

Drat-Ruszczak¹

2016

RPsych

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The aim of this article is to reflect on the content, form, and meaning of so-called integrative psychotherapy. I analyze the contemporary shift towards integrative therapy in terms of several aspects: (1) its history: from an “unthinkable” approach to being recognized as almost the standard; (2) its current incarnations and meanings. Is the integrative approach possible without a paradigm to start out from, which is “home” for the therapist? (3) its future – the possible directions in which it is heading.

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Toward the delineation of therapeutic change principles.

Cited by 485 publications

References 21 publications

The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: A neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation

The role of expectancy and proactive control in stress regulation: A neurocognitive framework for regulation expectation

Mental Health Care for Children With Disruptive Behavior Problems: A View Inside Therapists' Offices

Czy teoria kliniczna jest w psychoterapii potrzebna i czym dla niej jest: rozważania o integracji psychoterapii

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