Toward the 2020 goal of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control and elimination

Becker, Sören L.; Liwanag, Harvy Joy; Snyder, John P.; Akogun, Oladele; Belizario, Vicente Y.; Freeman, Matthew C.; Gyorkos, Theresa W.; Imtiaz, Rubina; Keiser, Jennifer; Krolewiecki, Alejandro; Levecke, Bruno; Mwandawiro, Charles; Pullan, Rachel L.; Addiss, David G.; Utzinger, Jürg

doi:10.1371/journal.pntd.0006606

Cited by 76 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 84 publications

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“…This further emphasizes need for extension of preventive chemotherapy to other at-risk groups, especially in settings such as the one covered by this study where majority of the inhabitants are at risk. The finding corroborates STHAC recommendation [16,17]. Though women of reproductive age were considered along with men of similar age group (52.8% vs. 47.2%), there are no bases for expecting that helminth burden will be any different between men and women considering the locality in question.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…Specifically the objectives were to assess, the prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis; proportion of individuals with low, moderate and high worm intensity; age-related distribution of STHs infection; socio-economic status as risk for STHs infection; and risks associated with knowledge, attitude an practices (KAP). These objectives were pursued in view of the year 2016 recommendations of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee (STHAC) in relation to the revision of the 2012 Strategic Plan for STH control [16,17]. The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the LGAs were assessed in view of WHO 2020 milestones number 3 that all countries requiring PC for STH have less than 1% prevalence of moderate to high intensity [16,17]; though this study was localized to agrarian communities of Kogi State as arbitrary ‘sentinels sites’ (milestone number 2).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These objectives were pursued in view of the year 2016 recommendations of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee (STHAC) in relation to the revision of the 2012 Strategic Plan for STH control [16,17]. The prevalence and intensity of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in the LGAs were assessed in view of WHO 2020 milestones number 3 that all countries requiring PC for STH have less than 1% prevalence of moderate to high intensity [16,17]; though this study was localized to agrarian communities of Kogi State as arbitrary ‘sentinels sites’ (milestone number 2). Kogi State was included in the recent epidemiological mapping of schistosomiasis and soil-transmitted helminthiasis by the Federal Government of Nigeria [18]; but the mapping was only school based, leaving out vulnerable adults.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The WHO 2012 Strategic Plan for STH control recommends preventive chemotherapy for SAC and PSAC, and has now included deworming of women of reproductive age. STHAC and some other authors have suggested inclusion of other at risk groups [17]. In order to evaluate the relevance of this recommendation, considering the additional cost incurred from additional drug provision, this study partitioned our study population into four age groups: PSAC (0 – 4yr), SAC (5 – 18 yrs, though 14yrs was not used as the upper limit), ‘women of reproductive age and men of same age bracket’ (19 – 45 yrs), and older at risk group (> 45yrs).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria: Evaluated in the context of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee recommendation 2016

Okoye

Aguzie

et al. 2019

Preprint

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33 Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) have remained a major threat to human especially children 34 in developing countries including Nigeria. Interventions have always been geared towards 35 school-aged children, neglecting preschool-aged children and occupational risk adults. The 36 Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee (STHAC) recently suggested 37 incorporating other at-risk groups. In the context of this recommendation, this study assessed 38 the associated risk of STH infection among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria. A 39 total of 310 individuals of all ages participated in the cross-sectional survey. Stool samples 40 were analyzed using standard Kato-Katz method. A total of 106 (34.2%) individuals were 41 infected with at least one STH. Hookworm was the most prevalent (18.1%); followed by 42 Ascaris lumbricoides (16.8%). Worm intensity was generally light. Prevalence of infection 43 was similar between four age groups considered (preschool, school, 'women of reproductive 44 age' and older at-risk group). Poor socio-economic status (SES) was a major risk for STH 45 infection. Using a 20-assets based criteria, 68 (23.1%) and 73 (24.7%) of 295 questionnaire 46 respondents were classified into first (poorest) and fifth (richest) wealth quintiles respectively.47 Risk of infection with STH was 60% significantly lower in the richest wealth quintile 48 compared to the poorest (Prevalence Ratio (PR) = 0.4843, 95% CI = 0.2704 -0.8678, p = 3 3 49 0.015). Open defecators were more likely to harbour STH than those who did not (PR = 50 1.7878, 95% CI = 1.2366 -2.5846, p = 0.00201). Pit latrine and water closet toilet each 51 approximately reduced STH infection by 50% (p < 0.05). Preventive chemotherapy for all age 52 groups, health education and provision of basic amenities especially toilets are needed in 53 order to achieve the goal toward the 2020 target of STH control. Author summary58 Soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) are major cause of morbidities globally, especially among 59 children in developing countries such as Nigeria. Present World Health Organization 60 recommended control strategy solely require preventive chemotherapy targeting preschool-61 aged children (PSAC) and school-aged children (SAC), and the recently included women of 62 reproductive age (WRA). The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee (STHAC) 63 which is saddled with responsibility of evaluating STHs status and providing appropriate 64 recommendations proposed that preventive chemotherapy be extended to other at-risk groups.65 This study evaluates this and some other recommendations of STHAC 2016 using sections of 66 a state in Nigeria where soil-transmitted helminthiasis is endemic.67 Findings from this study supports recommendations for extension of preventive chemotherapy 68 to other at-risk groups apart from PSAC and SAC. It supports WASH (water, sanitation and 69 hygiene) as integral part of STH control. This finding emphasizes the need for health 70 education and change in attitude which could promote tene...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria: Evaluated in the context of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee recommendation 2016

Okoye

Aguzie

et al. 2019

Preprint

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“…The identification of this nematode was done through light field microscopy following the protocol of "Mini-FLOTAC", standardized by Cringoli et al (2010) 74 . This "Mini-FLOTAC" protocol is a novel and more sensitive quantitative method for the identification of STH compared to other techniques, such as Kato-Katz 75 .…”

Section: Determination Of a Lumbricoides Presencementioning

confidence: 99%

Human gut microbiota networks disturbance by parasites in indigenous communities: Effect on bacteria genera related to depression incidence subnetworks

Ramírez-Carrillo

Gaona

Nieto³

et al. 2019

Preprint

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If you think you are in control of your behavior, think again. Evidence suggests that behavioral modifications, as development and persistence of depression, may be the consequence of a complex network of communication between macro (i.e. parasites) and micro-organisms capable of modifying the physiological axis of the host. Some parasites cause significant nutritional deficiencies for the host and impair the effectiveness of cognitive processes such as memory, teaching or non-verbal intelligence. Bacterial communities mediate the establishment of parasites and vice versa but this complexity approach remains little explored. We study the gut microbiota-parasite interactions using novel techniques of network analysis using data of individuals from two indigenous communities in the state of Guerrero, Mexico. Our results suggest that A. Lumbricoides, induce a gut microbiota perturbation affecting subnetworks of key species related to depression, consisting in the loss of network features such as path length, heterogeneity, number of nodes and neighbors; and especially by the loss of information emergence. Emergence is related with adaptability that has been linked to the concept of health as a critical balance between (adaptability) and self-organization (robustness). In this way, the loss of emergence means a depart from criticality and ultimately loss of health. 11/1612/16 14/16

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Drug discovery technologies: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for anthelmintic therapeutics

Sepúlveda‐Crespo

Reguera

Rojo-Vázquez

et al. 2020

Medicinal Research Reviews

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Helminthiasis is one of the gravest problems worldwide. There is a growing concern on less available anthelmintics and the emergence of resistance creating a major threat to human and livestock health resources. Novel and broad‐spectrum anthelmintics are urgently needed. The free‐living nematode Caenorhabditis elegans could address this issue through automated high‐throughput technologies for the screening of large chemical libraries. This review discusses the strong advantages and limitations for using C elegans as a screening method for anthelmintic drug discovery. C elegans is the best model available for the validation of novel effective drugs in treating most, if not all, helminth infections, and for the elucidation the mode of action of anthelmintic candidates. This review also focuses on available technologies in the discovery of anthelmintics published over the last 15 years with particular attention to high‐throughput technologies over conventional screens. On the other hand, this review highlights how combinatorial and nanomedicine strategies could prolong the use of anthelmintics and control resistance problems.

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Toward the 2020 goal of soil-transmitted helminthiasis control and elimination

Cited by 76 publications

References 84 publications

Risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria: Evaluated in the context of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee recommendation 2016

Risk of soil-transmitted helminthiasis among agrarian communities of Kogi State, Nigeria: Evaluated in the context of The Soil-Transmitted Helminthiasis Advisory Committee recommendation 2016

Human gut microbiota networks disturbance by parasites in indigenous communities: Effect on bacteria genera related to depression incidence subnetworks

Drug discovery technologies: Caenorhabditis elegans as a model for anthelmintic therapeutics

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