Toward stomatal–flux based forest protection against ozone: The MOTTLES approach

Paoletti, Elena; Alivernini, Alessandro; Anav, Alessandro; Badea, Ovidiu; Carrari, Elisa; Chivulescu, Șerban; Conte, Adriano Mosca; Ciriani, Marie-Lyne; Dalstein-Richier, Laurence; Marco, Alessandra De; Fares, Silvano; Fasano, G.; Giovannelli, Alessio; Lazzara, Matthew A.; Leca, Ştefan; Materassi, Alessandro; Moretti, Valerio; Pitar, Diana; Popa, Ionel; Sabatini, Francesco; Salvati, Luca; Sicard, Pierre; Sorgi, Tiziano; Hoshika, Yasutomo

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.525

Cited by 38 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 68 publications

(93 reference statements)

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“…On the other hand, GR in terms of decrease of plant biomass production has been selected within the CLRTAP [4] as the response variable for quantifying and mapping O 3 risk for vegetation based on critical levels exceedances in Europe. In this context, some studies have unsuccessfully tried to find relationships between FVS, O 3 stomatal fluxes, and GR of trees in the field [9,10,14,16,19]. In the previous paragraphs, we have indeed shown that there are no conceptual and mechanistic relationships between FVS and GR since these two manifestations in the plant follow independent patterns and can be considered as indicative of the effects of the different strategies applied by trees to cope with O 3 pollution stress.…”

Section: Significance Of Foliar Visible Symptoms Assessment In the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…It is generally accepted that both manifestations are consequence of the O 3 stomatal uptake that compromise the photosynthetic apparatus and function. As a logic consequence, FVS and the consequent leaf loss (defoliation), two easily assessable indicators in field conditions, have been recently investigated and proposed as potential proxies for O 3 fluxes and, ultimately, for GR [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Assessing the Impact of Ozone on Forest Trees in An Integrative Perspective: Are Foliar Visible Symptoms Suitable Predictors for Growth Reduction? A Critical Review

Marzuoli

Gerosa

Bussotti

et al. 2019

Forests

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Plant growth reduction (GR) is the most widely accepted damage parameter to assess the sensitivity of trees to tropospheric ozone (O3) pollution since it integrates different physiological processes leading to loss of photosynthetic activity and distraction of metabolic resources from growth to defense, repair, and recovery pathways. Because of the intrinsic difficulty to assess the actual O3 risk assessment for forests in field conditions, foliar visible symptoms (FVS) induced by O3 have been proposed as a proxy to estimate possible GR in forest trees. The rationale for this assumption is that the onset of FVS implies a reduction of the photosynthetic capacity of plants. In this review, we show that GR and FVS can be the consequences of independent physiological pathways involving different response mechanisms that can cause both FVS without GR and GR without FVS. The onset of FVS may not lead necessarily to significant GR at plant level for several reasons, including the rise of compensatory photosynthesis, the time lag between growth processes and the accumulation of critical O3 dose, and the negligible effect of a modest amount of injured leaves. Plant GR, on the other hand, may be induced by different physiological mechanisms not necessarily related to FVS, such as stomatal closure (i.e., carbon starvation) to avoid or reduce O3 uptake, and the increase of respiratory processes for the production of metabolic defense compounds. Growth reduction and FVS can be interpreted as different strategies for the acclimation of plants to a stressful environment, and do not mean necessarily damage. Growth reduction (without FVS) seems to prevail in species adapted to limiting environmental conditions, that avoid loss and replacement of injured leaves because of the high metabolic cost of their production; conversely, FVS manifestation (without GR) and the replacement of injured leaves is more common in species adapted to environments with low-stress levels, since they can benefit from a rapid foliar turnover to compensate for the decreased rate of photosynthesis of the whole plant.

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Section: Significance Of Foliar Visible Symptoms Assessment In the Fieldmentioning

confidence: 91%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the Impact of Ozone on Forest Trees in An Integrative Perspective: Are Foliar Visible Symptoms Suitable Predictors for Growth Reduction? A Critical Review

Marzuoli

Gerosa

Bussotti

et al. 2019

Forests

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“…Hoshika et al, 2012a [5] reported that the percent of surface injury was negatively correlated with leaf gas exchange rate, highlighting a reduced photosynthesis and loss of stomatal control in poplar leaves with more than 5% injury. Ozone visible injury has been broadly investigated in native and exotic trees, shrubs, and herbs in Asia, Europe, and North America, and partly validated under controlled conditions [6][7][8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They proposed the stomatalflux-based standard to assess O 3 visible injury for two deciduous species (Fagus sylvatica and Fraxinus excelsior) and two conifer species (Pinus cembra and P. halepensis) as representative O 3 sensitive species (approximately 20 mmol m −2 of POD 0 corresponded to 5% injury). Many symptomatic species have been recorded in field monitoring campaigns [8,18,19]. Paoletti et al, 2019 [8] recently found O 3 visible injury in 23 tree species across forest sites in France, Italy, and Romania.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(indeterminate) [22], Sorbus aucuparia L. (intermediate) [23], and Vaccinium myrtillus L. (determinate) [24]. These three species have often shown O 3 visible injury in field forest sites [8]. The aim of this study was to achieve the species-specific parameterization of the DO3SE model in these three tree species, examining both the onset date of O 3 visible injury and its expansion at the whole plant level using a plant injury index (PII) [4] in an O 3 free-air controlled exposure (O 3 FACE) experiment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Flux-Based Ozone Risk Assessment for a Plant Injury Index (PII) in Three European Cool-Temperate Deciduous Tree Species

Hoshika

Carrari

Mariotti

et al. 2020

Forests

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This study investigated visible foliar ozone (O3) injury in three deciduous tree species with different growth patterns (indeterminate, Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn.; intermediate, Sorbus aucuparia L.; and determinate, Vaccinium myrtillus L.) from May to August 2018. Ozone effects on the timing of injury onset and a plant injury index (PII) were investigated using two O3 indices, i.e., AOT40 (accumulative O3 exposure over 40 ppb during daylight hours) and PODY (phytotoxic O3 dose above a flux threshold of Y nmol m−2 s−1). A new parameterization for PODY estimation was developed for each species. Measurements were carried out in an O3 free-air controlled exposure (FACE) experiment with three levels of O3 treatment (ambient, AA; 1.5 × AA; and 2.0 × AA). Injury onset was found in May at 2.0 × AA in all three species and the timing of the onset was determined by the amount of stomatal O3 uptake. It required 4.0 mmol m−2 POD0 and 5.5 to 9.0 ppm·h AOT40. As a result, A. glutinosa with high stomatal conductance (gs) showed the earliest emergence of O3 visible injury among the three species. After the onset, O3 visible injury expanded to the plant level as confirmed by increased PII values. In A. glutinosa with indeterminate growth pattern, a new leaf formation alleviated the expansion of O3 visible injury at the plant level. V. myrtillus showed a dramatic increase of PII from June to July due to higher sensitivity to O3 in its flowering and fruiting stage. Ozone impacts on PII were better explained by the flux-based index, PODY, as compared with the exposure-based index, AOT40. The critical levels (CLs) corresponding to PII = 5 were 8.1 mmol m−2 POD7 in A. glutinosa, 22 mmol m−2 POD0 in S. aucuparia, and 5.8 mmol m−2 POD1 in V. myrtillus. The results highlight that the CLs for PII are species-specific. Establishing species-specific O3 flux-effect relationships should be key for a quantitative O3 risk assessment.

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Low sensitivity of Pinus mugo to surface ozone pollution in the subalpine zone of continental Europe

et al. 2022

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Toward stomatal–flux based forest protection against ozone: The MOTTLES approach

Cited by 38 publications

References 68 publications

Assessing the Impact of Ozone on Forest Trees in An Integrative Perspective: Are Foliar Visible Symptoms Suitable Predictors for Growth Reduction? A Critical Review

Assessing the Impact of Ozone on Forest Trees in An Integrative Perspective: Are Foliar Visible Symptoms Suitable Predictors for Growth Reduction? A Critical Review

Flux-Based Ozone Risk Assessment for a Plant Injury Index (PII) in Three European Cool-Temperate Deciduous Tree Species

Low sensitivity of Pinus mugo to surface ozone pollution in the subalpine zone of continental Europe

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