Toward residential flexibility—Consumer willingness to enroll household loads in demand response

Sridhar, Araavind; Honkapuro, Samuli; Ruiz, Fredy; Stoklasa, Jan; Annala, Salla; Wolff, Annika; Rautiainen, Antti

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2023.121204

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Availability also includes uncer-tainty related to user preferences; sometimes a customer does not want to take part in smart charging activity due to a possible range-critical journey the next day. It also includes the assumption that only a minority of EV users want to take part in a DR-enabled charging program for various reasons [29].…”

Section: Economic Analysis With Different Ev Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicle charging as a source of nordic fast frequency reserve—proof of concept

Manner,

Tikka,

Honkapuro

et al. 2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Demand‐side flexibility or demand response (DR) has long been recognized as a potential source of balancing capacity. The charging of electric vehicles (EVs) is a known source of flexible capacity, and the vast amount of charging capacity available can be utilized for valuable applications, including ancillary power markets, by controlling the charging sessions according to the needs of the power system. One identified and unexplored potential market for EV DR capacity is the Fast Frequency Reserve (FFR) market for the Nordic system area. This article proposes and demonstrates that a home charger can participate in this extremely fast reacting ancillary service market with only software modifications made to the charger. The biggest challenge in the FFR market is the response time requirement for capacity activation. When a certain frequency limit is exceeded, the activation must happen within 0.7 s in the worst case. In this study, a laboratory test setup was constructed to test the capabilities of the FFR‐enabled EV charger. The tests were conducted by building a laboratory microgrid capable of changing the grid frequency. Additionally, an economic feasibility study was carried out to evaluate the business potential of the concept in Finland. The economic study included an analysis of the concept's potential with different levels of DR service availability. The laboratory tests demonstrated the FFR capabilities of the charger and as a final outcome of the research, the Norwegian transmission system operator (TSO) approved the tested charger as a type‐prequalified FFR‐providing entity. The economic study revealed that the approach has good business potential, primarily because of the almost non‐existent cost side even if the availability rate decreases significantly.

show abstract

Section: Economic Analysis With Different Ev Availabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Electric vehicle charging as a source of nordic fast frequency reserve—proof of concept

Manner,

Tikka,

Honkapuro

et al. 2023

IET Generation Trans & Dist

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Root-mean-squared error (RMSE) (12) measures the average magnitude of the residuals. It is similar to MAE, but it penalises large deviations; therefore, RMSE is more effective in the case of irregular consumption patterns where prediction errors are large:…”

Section: Performance Evaluation Metricsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In [11], a methodology was described, which correlates how much overloading is needed to justify the willingness of DN operators to conduct energy flexibility services. Another challenge in achieving energy flexibility realisation lies in the willingness of consumers to engage actively in demand response programmes, as discussed in reference [12]. This willingness to participate is contingent upon factors such as household type, appliance usage patterns, and the financial incentives offered for their involvement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Machine Learning Application for the Energy Flexibility Assessment of a Distribution Network for Consumers

Rober,

Maruša,

Beković

2023

Energies

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This paper presents a step-by-step approach to assess the energy flexibility potential of residential consumers to manage congestion in the distribution network. A case study is presented where a selected transformer station exhibits signs of overloading. An analysis has been performed to evaluate the magnitude of the overloading and the timing of the overload occurrence based on their historical load data. Based on the historical load data, the four most prominent consumers have been chosen for the flexibility assessment. Temperature load dependency has been evaluated for the selected consumers. The paper’s novel approach focuses on selecting individual consumers with the highest energy flexibility potential, and analysing their load patterns to address transformer overloading. To achieve this, machine learning algorithms, specifically, multiple linear regression and support vector machines, were used for load profile forecasting during the overload occurrences. Based on the forecast and measured load patterns, flexibility scenarios were created for each consumer. The generated models were evaluated and compared with the forecasting based on the average load of the past days. In the results, three potential consumers were identified who could resolve the transformer overloading problem. The machine learning models outperformed the average-based forecasting method, providing more realistic estimates of flexibility potential. The proposed approach can be applied to other overloaded transformer stations, but with a limited number of consumers.

show abstract

“…Research shows that C&I consumers, as large energy users, are the main sources of DR [98,99]. The review study [21] analysed DR participation as a part of DSM for industrial, commercial, and residential consumers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Survey of Commercial and Industrial Demand Response Flexibility with Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy

Yasmin,

Amin,

Shah

et al. 2024

Sustainability

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The transition from traditional fuel-dependent energy systems to renewable energy-based systems has been extensively embraced worldwide. Demand-side flexibility is essential to support the power grid with carbon-free generation (e.g., solar, wind.) in an intermittent nature. As extensive energy consumers, commercial and industrial (C&I) consumers can play a key role by extending their flexibility and participating in demand response. Onsite renewable generation by consumers can reduce the consumption from the grid, while energy storage systems (ESSs) can support variable generation and shift demand by storing energy for later use. Both technologies can increase the flexibility and benefit by integrating with the demand response. However, a lack of knowledge about the applicability of increasing flexibility hinders the active participation of C&I consumers in demand response programs. This survey paper provides an overview of demand response and energy storage systems in this context following a methodology of a step-by-step literature review covering the period from 2013 to 2023. The literature review focuses on the application of energy storage systems and onsite renewable generation integrated with demand response for C&I consumers and is presented with an extensive analysis. This survey also examines the demand response participation and potential of wastewater treatment plants. The extended research on the wastewater treatment plant identifies the potential opportunities of coupling biogas with PV, extracting the thermal energy and onsite hydrogen production. Finally, the survey analysis is summarised, followed by critical recommendations for future research.

show abstract

Toward residential flexibility—Consumer willingness to enroll household loads in demand response

Cited by 20 publications

References 31 publications

Electric vehicle charging as a source of nordic fast frequency reserve—proof of concept

Electric vehicle charging as a source of nordic fast frequency reserve—proof of concept

A Machine Learning Application for the Energy Flexibility Assessment of a Distribution Network for Consumers

A Survey of Commercial and Industrial Demand Response Flexibility with Energy Storage Systems and Renewable Energy

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About