Toward reliable automated estimates of earthquake source properties from body wave spectra

Ross, Zachary E.; Ben‐Zion, Yehuda

doi:10.1002/2016jb013003

Cited by 56 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…In Section 4, we then apply the method to the M w 6.0 Nantou, Taiwan earthquake, M w 7.0 Kumamoto, Japan earthquake, and M w 4.7 San Jacinto fault trifurcation (SJFT) earthquake in southern California (Fig. 1), for which directivity is well documented (Lee et al 2015;Ross & Ben-Zion 2016;Yagi et al 2016). The directivity results obtained are in good agreement with previous studies and demonstrate the applicability of this method to a range of earthquake magnitudes.…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

“…The estimated stress drops are then about 0.3, 3.7, and 0.3 MPa, respectively. These values are slightly lower than those in previous studies (Wen et al 2014;Lee et al 2015;Ross & Ben-Zion 2016;Yagi et al 2016), but still within a reasonable range considering the large uncertainties in stress drop estimates. More importantly, the derived stress drops here have taken directivity into account and do not rely on corner frequency estimates that depend on azimuth and source models (Kaneko & Shearer 2015).…”

Section: Directivity Moment Tensor Inversion 1073contrasting

confidence: 52%

“…With the aim of testing the lower magnitude limit of our method in this section, we select the 2013 March 11 M w 4.7 earthquake which occurred in the SJFT region of southern California, for which a strong northwestward directivity has been reported in previous studies (Kurzon et al 2014;Ross & Ben-Zion 2016). As the Southern California Seismic Network is dense, we only use stations within an epicentral distance of 100 km for analysis (Fig.…”

Section: W 47 Sjft Earthquake In the Southern Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward automated directivity estimates in earthquake moment tensor inversion

Huang

Aso

Tsai

2017

Geophysical Journal International

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S U M M A R YRapid estimates of earthquake rupture properties are useful for both scientific characterization of earthquakes and emergency response to earthquake hazards. Rupture directivity is a particularly important property to constrain since seismic waves radiated in the direction of rupture can be greatly amplified, and even moderate magnitude earthquakes can sometimes cause serious damage. Knowing the directivity of earthquakes is important for ground shaking prediction and hazard mitigation, and is also useful for discriminating which nodal plane corresponds to the actual fault plane particularly when the event lacks aftershocks or outcropped fault traces. Here, we propose a 3-D multiple-time-window directivity inversion method through direct waveform fitting, with source time functions stretched for each station according to a given directivity. By grid searching for the directivity vector in 3-D space, this method determines not only horizontal but vertical directivity components, provides uncertainty estimates, and has the potential to be automated in real time. Synthetic tests show that the method is stable with respect to noise, picking errors, and site amplification, and is less sensitive to station coverage than other methods. Horizontal directivity can be properly recovered with a minimum azimuthal station coverage of 180 • , whereas vertical directivity requires better coverage to resolve. We apply the new method to the M w 6.0 Nantou, Taiwan earthquake, M w 7.0 Kumamoto, Japan earthquake, and M w 4.7 San Jacinto fault trifurcation (SJFT) earthquake in southern California. For the Nantou earthquake, we corroborate previous findings that the earthquake occurred on a shallow east-dipping fault plane rather than a west-dipping one. For the Kumamoto and SJFT earthquakes, the directivity results show good agreement with previous studies and demonstrate that the method captures the general rupture characteristics of large earthquakes involving multiple fault ruptures and applies to earthquakes with magnitudes as small as M w 4.7.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Section: Directivity Moment Tensor Inversion 1073contrasting

confidence: 52%

Section: W 47 Sjft Earthquake In the Southern Californiamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Toward automated directivity estimates in earthquake moment tensor inversion

Huang

Aso

Tsai

2017

Geophysical Journal International

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“…2); in places with velocity contrast they are offset to the stiffer side of the seismogenic section as expected for bimaterial ruptures with persistent propagation direction [for example, Ben-Zion and Shi 2005]. Analyses of PGV/PGA, source spectra of body waves and second seismic moments indicate persistent directivity of earthquake ruptures on given fault sections [Kurzon and others, 2014;Ross and Ben-Zion 2016;Meng and others, 2016]. Persistent directivity is also indicated by along-strike-asymmetry of stacked aftershock sequences [Zaliapin and Ben-Zion 2011].…”

Section: Correlations Between Fault Zone and Earthquake Properties Inmentioning

confidence: 98%

Proceedings of the 11th United States-Japan natural resources panel for earthquake research, Napa Valley, California, November 16–18, 2016

Detweiler¹,

Pollitz²

2017

Open-File Report

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For more information on the USGS-the Federal source for science about the Earth, its natural and living resources, natural hazards, and the environment-visit https://www.usgs.gov/ or call 1-888-ASK-USGS (1-888-275-8747).For an overview of USGS information products, including maps, imagery, and publications, visit https://store.usgs.gov.Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.Although this information product, for the most part, is in the public domain, it also may contain copyrighted materials as noted in the text. Permission to reproduce copyrighted items must be secured from the copyright owner.The abstracts by non-U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) authors in this volume are published as they were submitted. Abstracts authored entirely by non-USGS authors do not represent the views or position of the USGS or the U.S. Government and are published solely as part of this volume.Suggested citation: Detweiler, S., and Pollitz, F., eds., 2017, Proceedings of the 11th United States-Japan natural resources panel for earthquake research, Napa Valley, California, November 16-18, 2016: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2017-1133, 147 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20171133. ISSN 2331ISSN -1258 iii Abstracts of the following presentations were not received for inclusion in this report: Gerald Bawden "NISAR-NASA and ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar Mission Overview of the mission and science objectives" Gerald Bawden "Development of a GNSS-Enhanced Tsunami Early Warning System" Tom Jordan "CISM earthquake forecasting activities" Ben Brooks "Internet of Things Earthquake Early Warning" Contents Resolution of the Eleventh Joint Meeting of the United States-Japan Panel on Earthquake Research (UJNR), November 2016The UJNR Panel on Earthquake Research promotes advanced research toward a more fundamental understanding of the earthquake process and hazard estimation. The Eleventh Joint meeting was extremely beneficial in furthering cooperation and deepening understanding of problems common to both Japan and the United States.The meeting included productive exchanges of information on approaches to systematic observation and modeling of earthquake processes. Regarding the earthquake and tsunami of March 2011 off the Pacific coast of Tohoku and the 2016 Kumamoto earthquake sequence, the Panel recognizes that further efforts are necessary to achieve our common goal of reducing earthquake risk through close collaboration and focused discussions at the 12th UJNR meeting. We look forward to continued cooperation on issues involving the densification of observation networks and the open exchange of data among scientific communities. We recognize the importance of making information publicly available in a timely manner. We also recognize the importance of information exchange on research policy and strategies, including the frameworks of research organizations. Areas of CooperationSpecific areas of earthquake research where cooperative research b...

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“…For moderate earthquakes, the application is limited due to the coarse resolution and low signal-to-noise ratio of teleseismic waveforms. Similarly, rupture properties can be estimated via azimuthal variation of body wave spectra or corner frequency (Kane et al, 2013;Lengliné & Got, 2011;Ross & Ben-Zion, 2016). Three-dimensional wave propagation effect is important for source imaging and is especially necessary for moderate earthquakes, which many studies are working on.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Horizontal Rupture Directivity of Moderate Crustal Earthquake in Sparse Network With Ambient Noise Location

2018

JGR Solid Earth

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Earthquake rupture directivity can remove fault plane ambiguity in earthquake moment tensor solutions; thus, it is helpful to improve reliability of shake map and understanding the seismogenic processes. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to resolve the horizontal rupture directivity of moderate crustal earthquakes in two steps. The first step is to determine the two candidate fault planes from focal mechanism inversion. Then, rupture directivity is estimated via the difference between the hypocenter and the centroid location which is constrained on the candidate fault planes. Accurate centroid location is determined with ambient noise location method, in which the noise cross‐correlation functions (NCFs) provide a stable calibration for the path effects. This technique is applied to the 2011 Oklahoma earthquake, and the estimated centroid location is about 2–4 km southwest to the hypocenter, indicating that the mainshock ruptured along the 234° plane for about 4–8 km. The result is consistent with directivity estimation using a foreshock as reference event and also agrees with early aftershock distribution as well as finite fault inversion. More applications to the 2004 Parkfield earthquake and the 2014 Napa earthquake are performed to explore the effectiveness and limitation of this method. This method is helpful for determining rupture directivity of earthquakes in sparse network but requiring one or two nearby stations. Alternatively, temporary stations can be installed in the area of high seismic hazard, then a library of NCFs and path calibrations would be available for rapidly determining rupture directivity of future earthquakes.

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Toward reliable automated estimates of earthquake source properties from body wave spectra

Cited by 56 publications

References 68 publications

Toward automated directivity estimates in earthquake moment tensor inversion

Toward automated directivity estimates in earthquake moment tensor inversion

Proceedings of the 11th United States-Japan natural resources panel for earthquake research, Napa Valley, California, November 16–18, 2016

Resolving Horizontal Rupture Directivity of Moderate Crustal Earthquake in Sparse Network With Ambient Noise Location

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