Toward Plant Cell Wall Degradation Under Thermophilic Condition: A Unique Microbial Community Developed Originally from Swine Waste

Liang, Yanna; Yesuf, Jemil; Feng, Zisong

doi:10.1007/s12010-009-8780-z

Cited by 12 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 26 publications

(44 reference statements)

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“…A novel thermophilic and cellulolytic bacterium, Brevibacillus sp. strain JXL, shows similar physicochemical conditions for optimum enzymatic activity [Liang et al, 2009[Liang et al, , 2010. The CMCase activity in our investigation is moderately stimulated by the reducing agent (2-mercaptoethanol) [Mandels and Reese, 1965], suggesting a possible redox regulation of the enzyme.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

The Dual Carboxymethyl Cellulase and Gelatinase Activities of a Newly Isolated Protein from Brevibacillus agri ST15c10 Confer Reciprocal Regulations in Substrate Utilization

Maiti

Samanta²,

Sahoo³

et al. 2017

Microb Physiol

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A protein showing endoglucanase-peptidase activity was prepared from a newly isolated bacterium (ST15c10). We identified ST15c10 as Brevibacillus agri based on electron-microscopic images and its 16S-rDNA sequence (GenBank accession No. HM446043), which exhibits 98.9% sequence identity to B. agri (KZ17)/B. formosus (DSM-9885T)/B. brevis. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity and gave a single peak during high-performance liquid chromatography on a Seralose 6B-150 gel-matrix/C-18 column. MALDI-TOF mass-spectrometry and bioinformatics studies revealed significant similarity to M42-aminopeptidases/endoglucanases of the CelM family. These enzymes are found in all Brevibacillus strains for which the genome sequence is known. ST15c10 grows optimally on carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)-gelatin (40°C/pH 8-9), and also shows strong growth/carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activity in submerged bagasse fermentation. The purified enzyme also functions as endoglucanase with solid bagasse/rice straw. Its CMCase activity (optimal at pH 5.6 and 60°C/K_m = 35.5 µM/V_max = 1,024U) was visualized by zymography on a CMC-polyacrylamide gel, which provided a strong band of approximately 70 kDa. The purified enzyme also showed strong peptidase (gelatinase) activity (pH 7.2/40°C during zymography on 6-12% gelatin/1% gelatin-PAGE (at approx. 70 kDa). The CMCase activity is inhibited by the metal ions Mn/Cu/Fe/Co (50%), Hg/KMnO₄ (100%), and by glucose or lactose (50-75%; all at 1 mM). The observed dose/time-dependent inhibition by Hg ions could be prevented with 2-mercaptoethanol. A comparison of the B. agri endoglucanase-aminopeptidase (ELK43520; 350 aa) with other members of the M42-family revealed the conservation of active-site residues Cys256/Cys260, which were previously identified as metal-binding sites. Regulation of the endoglucanase activity probably occurs via metal binding-triggered changes in the redox state of the enzyme. Studies on this type of enzyme are of high importance for basic scientific and industrial research.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 57%

The Dual Carboxymethyl Cellulase and Gelatinase Activities of a Newly Isolated Protein from Brevibacillus agri ST15c10 Confer Reciprocal Regulations in Substrate Utilization

Maiti

Samanta²,

Sahoo³

et al. 2017

Microb Physiol

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“…Adaptive cultivation on other feedstocks, such as lignin, cellulose, and CMC, has also generated simplified communities and, along with this study, indicates that this method is a useful tool for developing simplified biomass-degrading consortia tailored to deconstruct a designated feedstock under defined conditions, such as temperature or pH (6,22,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…This observation indicates that biomass loading is a critical component of enrichment cultiva- (2,31,35). Additionally, compost and swine waste-derived microbial communities enriched on microcrystalline cellulose at elevated temperatures under aerobic conditions also contain thermophilic paenibacilli, suggesting that these microbes are critical components of biomass deconstruction under thermophilic aerobic conditions (22,26). Bacteria closely related to Thermus thermophilus were dominant members of the JP enrichment but were absent in the Z enrichment.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…Enrichment cultures on lignocellulosic biomass provide a method to reduce the complexity of the microbial communities and provide more tractable samples for detailed investigations. In previous studies, simplified bacterial communities have been cultivated at elevated temperatures with cellulose or biomass as substrates (22,26). These studies have focused on the isolation of thermophilic bacteria from the enrichments and the characterization of glycoside hydrolases secreted by these isolates.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Glycoside Hydrolase Activities of Thermophilic Bacterial Consortia Adapted to Switchgrass

Gladden

Allgaier

Miller

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

113

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Industrial-scale biofuel production requires robust enzymatic cocktails to produce fermentable sugars from lignocellulosic biomass. Thermophilic bacterial consortia are a potential source of cellulases and hemicellulases adapted to harsher reaction conditions than commercial fungal enzymes. Compost-derived microbial consortia were adapted to switchgrass at 60°C to develop thermophilic biomass-degrading consortia for detailed studies. Microbial community analysis using small-subunit rRNA gene amplicon pyrosequencing and short-read metagenomic sequencing demonstrated that thermophilic adaptation to switchgrass resulted in low-diversity bacterial consortia with a high abundance of bacteria related to thermophilic paenibacilli, Rhodothermus marinus, and Thermus thermophilus. At lower abundance, thermophilic Chloroflexi and an uncultivated lineage of the Gemmatimonadetes phylum were observed. Supernatants isolated from these consortia had high levels of xylanase and endoglucanase activities. Compared to commercial enzyme preparations, the endoglucanase enzymes had a higher thermotolerance and were more stable in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]), an ionic liquid used for biomass pretreatment. The supernatants were used to saccharify [C2mim][OAc]-pretreated switchgrass at elevated temperatures (up to 80°C), demonstrating that these consortia are an excellent source of enzymes for the development of enzymatic cocktails tailored to more extreme reaction conditions.

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“…Functional metagenomics through selections at high temperatures (60-75°C) allowed the identification of interesting thermophilic cazymes, including bglucosidase, cellulase, b-xylosidases/a-arabinofuranosidase, endoxylanase, a-fucosidase, and acetyl xylan esterase from samples collected in environmental niches, like guts of animals and insects, and compost, swine waste, and thermophilic methanogenic digesters (Allgaier et al 2010;Dougherty et al 2012;Liang et al 2010;Wang 2009;Wang et al 2015c). However, direct selection of microbiomes from extreme environments on plant biomass is a useful alternative.…”

Section: Extremophilic Microbiome Enrichmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Metagenomics of microbial and viral life in terrestrial geothermal environments

Strazzulli

Fusco

Cobucci‐Ponzano

et al. 2017

Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol

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Geothermally heated regions of Earth, such as terrestrial volcanic areas (fumaroles, hot springs, and geysers) and deep-sea hydrothermal vents, represent a variety of different environments populated by extremophilic archaeal and bacterial microorganisms. Since most of these microbes thriving in such harsh biotopes, they are often recalcitrant to cultivation; therefore, ecological, physiological and phylogenetic studies of these microbial populations have been hampered for a long time. More recently, culture-independent methodologies coupled with the fast development of next generation sequencing technologies as well as with the continuous advances in computational biology, have allowed the production of large amounts of metagenomic data. Specifically, these approaches have assessed the phylogenetic composition and functional potential of microbial consortia thriving within these habitats, shedding light on how extreme physico-chemical conditions and biological interactions have shaped such microbial communities. Metagenomics allowed to better understand that the exposure to an extreme range of selective pressures in such severe environments, accounts for genomic flexibility and metabolic versatility of microbial and viral communities, and makes extreme-and hyper-thermophiles suitable for bioprospecting purposes, representing an interesting source for novel thermostable proteins that can be potentially used in several industrial processes.Keywords Hyperthermophiles Á Geothermal environments Á Microbial and viral metagenomics Á CRISPR Á Enzyme discovery BackgroundHot springs populated by extreme thermophiles (T opt : 65-79°C) and hyperthermophiles (T opt [ 80°C) (DeCastro et al. 2016) are very diverse and some of them show combinations of extreme chemo-physical conditions, such as temperature, acidic or alkaline pHs, high pressure, and high concentrations of salts and heavy metals (López-López et al. 2013). As with all studies of environmental microbiology, our understanding of the composition, functional and physiological dynamics, and evolution of extreme-and hyper-thermophilic microbial consortia has lagged A. Strazzulli Á M. Moracci Á P. Contursi

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Toward Plant Cell Wall Degradation Under Thermophilic Condition: A Unique Microbial Community Developed Originally from Swine Waste

Cited by 12 publications

References 26 publications

The Dual Carboxymethyl Cellulase and Gelatinase Activities of a Newly Isolated Protein from Brevibacillus agri ST15c10 Confer Reciprocal Regulations in Substrate Utilization

The Dual Carboxymethyl Cellulase and Gelatinase Activities of a Newly Isolated Protein from Brevibacillus agri ST15c10 Confer Reciprocal Regulations in Substrate Utilization

Glycoside Hydrolase Activities of Thermophilic Bacterial Consortia Adapted to Switchgrass

Metagenomics of microbial and viral life in terrestrial geothermal environments

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