“…On the standardization level, there is no unified understanding of required features and mechanisms that must be supported [5]. Following a review of related work in the field of standardization, specifications, and recommendations of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-T) [8], Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) [9, 10], Metro Ethernet Forum (MEF) [11], Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) [12], and other scientific sources [7, 13], it can be concluded that no such framework exists that would define the concept of OAM in the transport and application layers of a TCP/IP protocol stack. The existing methods and concepts are limited to physical, data-link, and network layers.…”