Toward Macroscale, Isotropic Carbons with Graphene‐Sheet‐Like Electrical and Mechanical Properties

Worsley, Marcus A.; Charnvanichborikarn, Supakit; Montalvo, Elizabeth; Shin, S. J.; Tylski, Elijah D.; Lewicki, James P.; Nelson, A. J.; Satcher, Joe H.; Biener, Juergen; Baumann, Theodore F.; Kucheyev, S. O.

doi:10.1002/adfm.201400316

Cited by 96 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…As another example, high‐cost special drying methods (e.g., freeze drying and supercritical drying) were avoided in aerogel preparation. For graphene‐based aerogels, at least two recent works claimed that drying under ambient conditions might be a better choice for special applications of aerogels, such as supercapacitors with high volumetric capacitance . Surprisingly, one work showed that the specific surface area of the resultant material from ambient‐condition drying was even comparable to that of freeze‐dried samples…”

Section: Synthetic Strategies For Cnt‐based Monolithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic Carbon Nanotube‐based 3D Monoliths

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2015

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are one of the most promising carbon allotropes with incredible diverse physicochemical properties, thereby enjoying continuous worldwide attention since their discovery about two decades ago. From the point of view of practical applications, assembling individual CNTs into macroscopic functional and high-performance materials is of paramount importance. For example, multiscaled CNT-based assemblies including 1D fibers, 2D films, and 3D monoliths have been developed. Among all of these, monolithic 3D CNT architectures with porous structures have attracted increasing interest in the last few years. In this form, theoretically all individual CNTs are well connected and fully expose their surfaces. These 3D architectures have huge specific surface areas, hierarchical pores, and interconnected conductive networks, resulting in enhanced mass/electron transport and countless accessible active sites for diverse applications (e.g. catalysis, capacitors, and sorption). More importantly, the monolithic form of 3D CNT assemblies can impart additional application potentials to materials, such as free-standing electrodes, sensors, and recyclable sorbents. However, scaling the properties of individual CNTs to 3D assemblies, improving use of the diverse, structure-dependent properties of CNTs, and increasing the performance-to-cost ratio are great unsolved challenges for their real commercialization. This review aims to provide a comprehensive introduction of this young and energetic field, i.e., CNT-based 3D monoliths, with a focus on the preparation principles, current synthetic methods, and typical applications. Opportunities and challenges in this field are also presented.

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Section: Synthetic Strategies For Cnt‐based Monolithsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Macroscopic Carbon Nanotube‐based 3D Monoliths

Zhao

Zhang

et al. 2015

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“…[1][2][3][4][5] Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) is generally obtained by the oxidation of graphite powder employing a modied Hummers method 6 and subsequent reduction of graphene oxide using a reducing agent. 7,8 The sheet-like structure of rGO creates an ideal situation to use it as ller for polymers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced graphene oxide-polyaniline composites—synthesis, characterization and optimization for thermoelectric applications

et al. 2015

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Reduced graphene oxide (rGO) can improve the thermoelectric properties of polyaniline (PANI) by varying its concentration in composites of rGO nanosheets and PANI. The figure of merit (ZT) of rGO-PANI composites is increased with an increasing percentage of rGO (up to 50%), which is 7.5 times higher as compared to pure PANI. High resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses show a uniform growth of PANI over the surface of rGO as a template, leading to a more ordered structure with high crystallinity during polymerization. Compared to pure PANI, both the electrical conductivity and thermoelectric power of the rGO-PANI composite is higher due to the increased carrier mobility as confirmed by a Hall effect measurement. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultra-violet visible range spectroscopy (UV-Vis) and Raman spectroscopy analyses reveal that strong p-p interactions assisted the uniform distribution of PANI on the rGO nanosheets. Other strong interactions include electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonding between rGO and PANI, which provide a route for constructing highly ordered chain structures with improved thermoelectric performance of PANI. There is no significant change in the thermal conductivity of the rGO-PANI composite as compared to pure PANI, which improves the thermoelectric performance of composite.

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“…This typically leads to densities 10 times that of the control. [21] Thus a threefold www.advancedsciencenews.com www.pss-b.com densification while retaining a porous material is a significant achievement. Further characterization of the material is performed to study the composition of the graphene aerogels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%