Toward Large Field-of-View High-Resolution X-ray Imaging Spectrometers: Microwave Multiplexed Readout of 28 TES Microcalorimeters

Yoon, Won-Sik; Adams, J. S.; Bandler, S. R.; Becker, D.; Bennett, D. A.; Chervenak, James A.; Datesman, A.; Eckart, Megan E.; Finkbeiner, F. M.; Fowler, Joseph W.; Gard, Johnathon D.; Hilton, G. C.; Kelley, R. L.; Kilbourne, Caroline A.; Mates, J. A. B.; Miniussi, Antoine R.; Moseley, S. H.; Noroozian, Omid; Porter, F. S.; Reintsema, C. D.; Sadleir, J. E.; Sakai, Kazuhiro; Smith, S. J.; Stevenson, Thomas; Swetz, Daniel S.; Ullom, Joel N.; Vale, Leila R.; Wakeham, Nick; Wassell, E. J.; Wollack, Edward J.

doi:10.1007/s10909-018-1917-0

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The same multiplexer designs were also used at NASA GSFC to read out an array of hard x-ray TESs. 34 The array had previously been measured with a conventional SQUID readout, nonmultiplexed, achieving a resolution of 2.8 eV FWHM at 5.9 keV. Five pixels from this array were multiplexed simultaneously achieving spectral resolutions between 2.8 and 3.1 eV FWHM.…”

Section: Microwave Squid Multiplexing Demonstrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave SQUID multiplexing for the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

Bennett

Mates

Bandler

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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The Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM) is an imaging spectrometer for the Lynx satellite mission, an x-ray telescope being considered by NASA to be a new flagship mission. Lynx will enable unique astrophysical observations into the x-ray universe due to its high angular resolution and large field of view. The LXM consists of an array of over 100,000 pixels and poses a significant technological challenge to achieve the high degree of multiplexing required to read out these sensors. We discuss the details of microwave superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) multiplexing and describe why it is ideally suited to the needs of the LXM. This case is made by summarizing the current and predicted performance of microwave SQUID multiplexing and describing the steps needed to optimize designs for all the LXM arrays. Finally, we describe our plan to advance the technology readiness level (TRL) of microwave SQUID multiplexing of the LXM microcalorimeters to TRL-5 by 2024.

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Section: Microwave Squid Multiplexing Demonstrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microwave SQUID multiplexing for the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

Bennett

Mates

Bandler

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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“…They have been shown to operate when reading out gamma-ray transition-edge microcalorimeters, 13 and when reading out x-rays in the 0.2- to 7-keV band. 43 To reach TRL-4, we will need to demonstrate the microwave SQUID readout when reading out the different LXM pixel types and closely agree with the expected performance. The NIST Quantum Devices group in Boulder, collaborating with the x-ray microcalorimeter group at NASA, have recently been awarded a new APRA award specifically to carry out this development.…”

Section: Read-outmentioning

confidence: 95%

Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

Bandler

Chervenak

Datesman

et al. 2019

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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Lynx is an x-ray telescope, one of four large satellite mission concepts currently being studied by NASA to be a flagship mission. One of Lynx's three instruments is an imaging spectrometer called the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter (LXM), an x-ray microcalorimeter behind an x-ray optic with an angular resolution of 0.5 arc sec and ∼2 m 2 of area at 1 keV. The LXM will provide unparalleled diagnostics of distant extended structures and, in particular, will allow the detailed study of the role of cosmic feedback in the evolution of the Universe. We discuss the baseline design of LXM and some parallel approaches for some of the key technologies. The baseline sensor technology uses transition-edge sensors, but we also consider an alternative approach using metallic magnetic calorimeters. We discuss the requirements for the instrument, the pixel layout, and the baseline readout design, which uses microwave superconducting quantum interference devices and high-electron mobility transistor amplifiers and the cryogenic cooling requirements and strategy for meeting these requirements. For each of these technologies, we discuss the current technology readiness level and our strategy for advancing them to be ready for flight. We also describe the current system design, including the block diagram, and our estimate for the mass, power, and data rate of the instrument.

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“…The focal-plane modules offer an elegant and now proven design not only for SO but also other receivers, many of which are planned for the imminent future (The CMB-S4 Collaboration et al 2020;Terry et al 2019). The high-performance design of next-generation, large-scale arrays is a critical area of study not only for millimeter-wave astrophysics but also necessarily for a larger science landscape from x-ray experiments (Yoon et al 2018) to quantum computing (Rosenberg et al 2019).…”

Section: Future Outlookmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Simons Observatory microwave SQUID multiplexing detector module design

McCarrick,

Healy,

Ahmed

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Toward Large Field-of-View High-Resolution X-ray Imaging Spectrometers: Microwave Multiplexed Readout of 28 TES Microcalorimeters

Cited by 20 publications

References 11 publications

Microwave SQUID multiplexing for the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

Microwave SQUID multiplexing for the Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

Lynx x-ray microcalorimeter

The Simons Observatory microwave SQUID multiplexing detector module design

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