Toward improved phosphorus efficiency in monogastrics—interplay of serum, minerals, bone, and immune system after divergent dietary phosphorus supply in swine

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is of vital importance for many aspects of metabolism, including bone mineralization, blood buffering, and energy utilization. In order to identify molecular routes affecting intrinsic P utilization, we address processes covering P intake, uptake, metabolism, and excretion. In particular, the interrelation of bone tissue and immune features is of interest to approximate P intake to animal's physiology and health status. German Landrace piglets received different levels of digestible phosphorus: recommended, higher, or lower amounts. At multiple time points, relevant serum parameters were analyzed and radiologic studies on bone characteristics were performed. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected to assess differential gene expression. Dietary differences were reflected by serum phosphorus, calcium, parathyroid hormone, and vitamin D. Bone reorganization was persistently affected as shown by microstructural parameters, cathepsin K levels, and transcripts associated with bone formation. Moreover, blood expression patterns revealed a link to immune response, highlighting bidirectional loops comprising bone formation and immune features, where the receptor-activator of NF-κB ligand/receptor-activator of NF-κB kinase system may play a prominent role. The modulated P supplementation provoked considerable organismal plasticity. Genes found to be differentially expressed due to variable P supply are involved in pathways relevant to P utilization and are potential candidate genes for improved P efficiency.

Effects of Ortho-Phosphate on Growth Performance, Welfare and Product Quality of Juvenile African Catfish (Clarias gariepinus)

“…It is conceivable that the variation of PO 4 3− -P in the water prompted intrinsic responses of major players of P homeostasis. Indeed, studies in fish and mammals showed that the dietary P supply impacts on various tissue sites and body compartments such as gut, kidney and bone [45][46][47]. However, molecular specificities of associated regulators, transporters, and endocrine and paracrine signals are largely unknown and yet to be elucidated in African catfish.…”

Achieving Sustainable Phosphorus Use in Food Systems through Circularisation

“…Lowering P demand could also have a major impact in achieving sustainable intensification in developing countries where the financial resources to purchase P fertilisers are limited [54,55]. Crops and animals demonstrate significant variation in phenotypic traits for soil P acquisition and P utilization depending on their environment [56,57], and a number of molecular breeding techniques are available and developing to progress desirable trait enhancement, including the use of gene markers, mutagenesis (e.g., CRISPR technology) and epigenetic inheritance [58][59][60][61]. For example, a mutant genotype of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with a lpa1−1 allele for low phytic acid generated seed with a 35% reduction in endosperm P and a 15% reduction in total seed P [62].…”

Ileal Transcriptome Profiles of Japanese Quail Divergent in Phosphorus Utilization

“…Moreover, the vitamin D system has proven to be one of the major molecular signaling cascades for dealing with dietary P restrictions [21]. Investigations on the regulation of P homeostasis revealed initial adaptation processes to divergent dietary P supply at the level of the parathyroid gland via parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion with known implication on bone, kidney and intestine in pigs and broilers [1,22,23]. PTH, which primarily targets calcium serum levels, also showed short-term and long-term effects on intestinal transporter activity and the proliferation of enterocytes [24,25].…”