Toward identifying key mechanisms of progression in multiple sclerosis

Husseini, Leila; Geladaris, Anastasia; Weber, Martin S.

doi:10.1016/j.tins.2023.11.005

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 117 publications

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“…Within lesions, the predominant cell population is overwhelmingly composed of myeloid cells, including pro-inflammatory microglia and macrophages that function as executors of tissue damage (Zrzavy et al, 2017;Absinta et al, 2021). The primary drivers of tissue damage are oxidative injury and reactive nitrogen species, with a significant association with the expression of the NADPH oxidase and iNOS complex in myeloid cells leading to chronic mitochondrial dysfunction, toxic metabolites and inflammatory cytokines (Haider et al, 2011;Husseini et al, 2023).…”

Section: Pathophysiological Mechanisms Worth Targeting In Multiple Sc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel and emerging treatments to target pathophysiological mechanisms in various phenotypes of MS

Bsteh,

Dal Bianco,

Zrzavy

et al. 2024

Pharmacol Rev

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Section: Pathophysiological Mechanisms Worth Targeting In Multiple Sc...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel and emerging treatments to target pathophysiological mechanisms in various phenotypes of MS

Bsteh,

Dal Bianco,

Zrzavy

et al. 2024

Pharmacol Rev

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Multiple Sclerosis: From the Application of Oligoclonal Bands to Novel Potential Biomarkers

Maglio,

D’Agostino,

Caronte

et al. 2024

IJMS

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Multiple sclerosis is a chronic immune-mediated disorder of the central nervous system with a high heterogeneity among patients. In the clinical setting, one of the main challenges is a proper and early diagnosis for the prediction of disease activity. Current diagnosis is based on the integration of clinical, imaging, and laboratory results, with the latter based on the presence of intrathecal IgG oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid whose detection via isoelectric focusing followed by immunoblotting represents the gold standard. Intrathecal synthesis can also be evidenced by the measurement of kappa free light chains in the cerebrospinal fluid, which has reached similar diagnostic accuracy compared to that of oligoclonal bands in the identification of patients with multiple sclerosis; moreover, recent studies have also highlighted its value for early disease activity prediction. This strategy has significant advantages as compared to using oligoclonal band detection, even though some issues remain open. Here, we discuss the current methods applied for cerebrospinal fluid analysis to achieve the most accurate diagnosis and for follow-up and prognosis evaluation. In addition, we describe new promising biomarkers, currently under investigation, that could contribute both to a better diagnosis of multiple sclerosis and to its monitoring of the therapeutic treatment response.

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Toward identifying key mechanisms of progression in multiple sclerosis

Cited by 2 publications

References 117 publications

Novel and emerging treatments to target pathophysiological mechanisms in various phenotypes of MS

Novel and emerging treatments to target pathophysiological mechanisms in various phenotypes of MS

Multiple Sclerosis: From the Application of Oligoclonal Bands to Novel Potential Biomarkers

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