Toward High-Performance Green Piezoelectric Generators Based on Electrochemically Poled Nanocellulose

Abstract

Internet-of-Everything (IoE) is defined as networked connections of things, people, data, and processes. IoE nodes, preferably shaped as printed flexible systems, serve as the frontier outpost of the Internet and comprise devices to record and regulate states and functions. To power distributed IoE nodes in an ecofriendly manner, a technology to scavenge energy from ambience and self-powered devices is developed. For this, piezoelectricity is regarded as a key property; however, the current technology typically based on polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) copolymers is expensive and produced via toxic protocols. We report piezoelectric characteristics of electrochemically poled cellulose nanofiber (CNF) thin films processed from water dispersions. Poling these films under humid conditions causes breaking and reorientation of CNF segments, which results in enhanced crystal alignment rendering the resulting material piezoelectric. Generators based on poled CNF show similar piezoelectric voltage and coefficient, here measured as d 33 = 46 pm V–1, to devices including PVDF copolymer layers of similar thickness. Our findings promise low-cost and printable ecofriendly piezoelectric-powered IoE nodes.

Cellulose‐Assisted Formation of 2D Hybrid Halide Perovskite Nanocrystals with Enhanced Stability for Light‐Emitting Devices

“…[ 40,41 ] However, only a few articles report the use of cellulose in combination with MHPs for energy and electronics applications. [ 42–44 ] For example, very low incorporation of cellulose (0.01–1 mg mL −1 or 0.001–0.1 wt.%) into a 3D MAPbI 3 perovskite layer has proved to enhance the operation stability and efficiency of PSCs devices. [ 45–47 ]…”

“…[40,41] However, only a few articles report the use of cellulose in combination with MHPs for energy and electronics applications. [42][43][44] For example, very low incorporation of cellulose (0.01-1 mg mL −1 or 0.001-0.1 wt.%) into a 3D MAPbI 3 perovskite layer has proved to enhance the operation stability and efficiency of PSCs devices. [45][46][47] Herein, we report the use of a mostly based 𝛽- (1,4) cellulose oligosaccharide (COS) to control the formation of nanocrystals of the BA 2 MA 4 Pb 5 I 16 (BA = n-butylammonium and MA = methylammonium) 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) hybrid perovskite for light-emitting applications.…”

Directional freezing-induced self-poled piezoelectric nylon 11 aerogels as high-performance mechanical energy harvesters

“…In this regard, the easy processability, exibility, biocompatibility, and chemical robustness of piezoelectric polymers render them excellent candidates to be integrated into small and lightweight devices for energy harvesting applications. [10][11][12][13][14] Though polymers such as polyvinylidene uoride (PVDF) and their copolymers such as polyvinylidene uoride triuoroethylene (PVDF-TrFE) and poly(vinylidene uoride-co-hexauoropropene) (PVDF-HFP), 15,16 odd nylons, 1,2,[17][18][19][20] poly (lactic acid), 4 cellulose, 21,22 chitosan, 23 polyhydroxybutyrate, 24 etc., are known to exhibit the piezoelectric effect, most of the earlier studies were focussed on PVDF and their copolymers, as they exhibit superior piezoelectric performance. However, uorine-based systems are not environment-friendly and their low Curie and/or melting temperature limit their high-temperature applications.…”