Toward Father‐friendly Parenting Interventions: A Qualitative Study

Abstract

Levels of father participation in parenting interventions are often very low, yet little is known about the factors which influence father engagement. We aimed to qualitatively explore perceived barriers to, and preferences for, parenting interventions in a community sample of fathers. Forty‐one fathers across nine focus groups were interviewed using a semi‐structured interview. Data were analysed using inductive thematic analysis. Key barriers to father participation identified included: the perception that interventions are mother‐focused; beliefs about gender roles regarding parenting and help‐seeking; mothers’ role as ‘gatekeeper’; lack of knowledge and awareness of parenting interventions; and lack of relevance of interventions. Fathers reported preferences for specific content and intervention features, facilitator characteristics, practical factors, and highlighted the need for father‐targeted recruitment and advertising. Many of the barriers and preferences identified are consistent with previous research; however, fathers’ beliefs and attitudes around gender roles and help‐seeking, as well as the perception that interventions are predominantly mother‐focused, may be key barriers for community fathers. Strategies to overcome these barriers and better meet the needs of fathers in promoting and delivering parenting interventions are discussed.

Psychological trajectories of mothers and fathers following their child's diagnosis of a life‐threatening illness or injury: A longitudinal investigation

“…Most fathers in the current study were not present during the initial recruitment discussion and were subsequently recruited to the study via their partner. Future studies should incorporate father‐direct recruitment strategies to increase opportunities for father participation in research (Goldstein et al, ; Sicouri et al, ; Tully et al, ). This, coupled with a natural shift toward a more shared caregiver role when a child is in hospital (McNeill, ), will likely result in an increased representation of fathers in psychosocial research over the next decade.…”

A benchmarking study of father involvement in Australian child mental health services

“…It could be related to maternal ‘gatekeeping’ (e.g., [ 16 ]), whereby mothers’ beliefs about the paternal role may influence the level of father involvement in their child’s life. Focus group research with fathers has identified both maternal gatekeeping and stigma around help-seeking as barriers to fathers attending parenting interventions [ 17 ], and these factors may therefore play a key role during the family’s initial point of contact with services. It is also likely that service-level policies, such as offering sessions during work hours only, might not only act as practical barriers to father attendance at sessions, but similarly influence rates of father-instigated referrals.…”

Types of Parenting of Fathers during Early Childhood: A Q Methodological Approach

“…Studies of paternal parenting have taken a quantitative approach to examine the parenting experience of fathers of children with a disease [9,10], satisfaction with paternal roles, paternal roles, paternal behaviors in early childhood, and paternal involvement [11][12][13]. Studies employing qualitative approaches have investigated the parenting experiences of young fathers and the parental attitude of fathers with preschool children [14][15][16].…”