Toward energy‐proportional Internet core networks: an energy‐minimized routing and virtual topology design for Internet protocol layer

Abstract

SUMMARYWith the exponential growth of Internet traffic, the energy consumption issue of core networks is increasingly becoming critical. Today's core networks are highly underutilized most of the time because of the overprovisioning and redundancy dimensioning, which results in severe energy inefficiency. In previous work, many non-deterministic polynomial-time hard mathematics formulation models have been proposed to minimize the energy consumption of core networks. However, effective heuristics are needed to solve these models in medium/large-size networks. This work studies the energy-minimized routing and virtual topology design problem of the power-hungry Internet protocol (IP) layer in core networks, aiming to achieve an energy-proportional IP layer by exploiting the variation of traffic with hours to reconfigure virtual topology and reroute traffic. We formulate energy-minimized routing and virtual topology design as an Integer linear programming problem and propose a LR algorithm, a heuristic based on the Lagrangian relaxation, to solve this problem in a polynomial-time. The simulation results indicate that the LR algorithm outperforms the best previous algorithm and can achieve a near energy-proportional IP layer with significant power saving. Furthermore, a detailed analysis of simulation results is conducted, which suggests a design principle of network equipment to facilitate the power saving.

Towards power consumption in optical networks: a cognitive prediction‐based technique

“…Research efforts like attempt to apply sleeping‐based procedures to upper layers such as network layer. This technique is called energy‐aware infrastructure, where an energy‐aware coordination is feasible across the network.…”

An adaptive energy‐efficient framework for time‐constrained optical backbone networks

“…Link power modification takes place by (i) switching off links periodically or (ii) modifying link rate (reducing or increasing it based on the traffic needs). Energy-aware infrastructures [13][14][15][16][17] play a useful role in offering energy-efficient solutions. In the first case, the challenge lies in the determination of the optimal sleeping time.…”

“…The real node wakes up only when real data traffic appears. Energy-aware infrastructures [13][14][15][16][17] play a useful role in offering energy-efficient solutions. For example, energy-efficient routing schemes monitor traffic and decide to put routers to sleep appropriately.…”

Green optical backbone networks: virtual topology adaptation using a page rank‐based rating system

“…A reconfiguration policy and a virtual topology design algorithm are presented in [13], aiming to minimize packet loss ratio and the operational expenditures. In [15], a heuristic algorithm based on the Lagrangian relaxation is employed, in order to achieve energy minimized routing and virtual topology design in polynomial time. In [15], a heuristic algorithm based on the Lagrangian relaxation is employed, in order to achieve energy minimized routing and virtual topology design in polynomial time.…”

“…A virtual topology adaptation method that allows the network operators to dynamically lease the required amount of bandwidth is proposed in [14], in order to minimize the expenditures cost for maintaining the network operation. In [15], a heuristic algorithm based on the Lagrangian relaxation is employed, in order to achieve energy minimized routing and virtual topology design in polynomial time. A method of reconfiguring virtual topologies by exploiting traffic forecasting solutions and taking advantage of past history is presented in [16].…”