Toward Climate Resilient African Indigenous Vegetable Production in Kenya

Understanding climate variability and change: analysis of temperature and rainfall across agroecological zones in Ghana

“…The researchers screened the data for missing values and filled missing values through last-observation-carried-forward (LOCF) approach, which has been used in previous studies (Chepkoech et al., 2018). In applying LOCF, missing numerical values are imputed with preceding values (Chepkoech et al., 2018). The imputed and observed values are then analyzed as if there was no missing values in the data (Lachin, 2016).…”

“…To examine rainfall and temperature trends in ecological zones in Ghana, the study employed Mann Kendall test, linear regression and linear plots. These tests have been widely used in previous studies (Chepkoech et al., 2018; Jaiswal et al., 2015; Kabo-Bah et al., 2016; Longobardi and Villani, 2010; Nkrumah et al., 2014; Nyatuame et al., 2014). Mann Kendall is one of the non-parametric tests that has gained dominance in climate trend studies (Jaiswal et al., 2015; Kabo-Bah et al., 2016; Li et al., 2018), as it is flexible to normality and homogeneity and insensitive to sharp breaks in time series data (Jaiswal et al., 2015; Karmeshu, 2015).…”

“…The test also assumes that data set is randomly ordered and independent. Hence, it tests the null hypothesis that there is no trend (Chepkoech et al., 2018; Jaiswal et al., 2015). The alternative hypothesis assumes that there is a trend in the data.…”

“…Linear regression analysis explored relationships and patterns in temperature and rainfall. Previous studies used linear regression to assess temperature and rainfall trends and relationships (Chepkoech et al., 2018; Jaiswal et al., 2015; Kabo-Bah et al., 2016; Longobardi and Villani, 2010; Nkrumah et al., 2014; Nyatuame et al., 2014). In performing linear regression test, a straight line is fitted to the data.…”

Comparing smallholder farmers’ climate change perception with climate data: the case of Adansi North District of Ghana

“…Nevertheless, smallholder farmers in Africa in general and Ghana in particular face challenges in accessing reliable and accurate climate information (Chepkoech et al., 2018; Hirons et al., 2018), needed for adaptation and meteorological disaster preparedness. The lack of access to climate data for agricultural activities increases vulnerability and exposes farmers to the adverse impact of climate change, thereby creating the urgent need to disseminate reliable and accurate climate information to already vulnerable smallholder farmers.…”