Toward chemical-free reclamation of biologically pretreated greywater: solar photocatalytic oxidation with powdered activated carbon

Gulyas, Holger; Choromanski, Pawel; Muelling, Nils; Furmanska, M.

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2009.03.008

Cited by 23 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Also in the case of greywater, a SF of around 1 is beneficial for the hybrid process as activated carbon removes additional DOC by adsorption. Accordingly, a recent study [34] has indicated that addition of 1 g L −1 Hydraffin WG PAC to PCO of biologically pretreated greywater leads to more efficient np-DOC elimination than PCO alone, even when the PAC/TiO 2 mixture has been reused 10 times. From these data it was estimated that the insolation area for solar PCO of biologically treated greywater can be reduced by a factor of 7 to achieve the same purification result when 1 g L −1 Hydraffin WG PAC has been added.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining activated carbon adsorption with heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation: Lack of synergy for biologically treated greywater and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether

Gulyas

Argáez

Kong

et al. 2013

Environmental Technology

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The aim of the study was to evaluate whether the addition of activated carbon in the photocatalytic oxidation of biologically pretreated greywater and of a polar aliphatic compound gives synergy, as previously demonstrated with phenol. Photocatalytic oxidation kinetics were recorded with fivefold concentrated biologically pretreated greywater and with aqueous tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether solutions using a UV lamp and the photocatalyst TiO2 P25 in the presence and the absence of powdered activated carbon. The synergy factor, SF, was quantified as the ratio of photocatalytic oxidation rate constant in the presence of powdered activated carbon to the rate constant without activated carbon. No synergy was observed for the greywater concentrate (SF ≈ 1). For the aliphatic compound, tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether, addition of activated carbon actually had an inhibiting effect on photocatalysis (SF < 1), while synergy was confirmed in reference experiments using aqueous phenol solutions. The absence of synergy for the greywater concentrate can be explained by low adsorbability of its organic constituents by activated carbon. Inhibition of the photocatalytic oxidation of tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether by addition of powdered activated carbon was attributed to shading of the photocatalyst by the activated carbon particles. It was assumed that synergy in the hybrid process was limited to aromatic organics. Regardless of the lack of synergy in the case of biologically pretreated greywater, the addition of powdered activated carbon is advantageous since, due to additional adsorptive removal of organics, photocatalytic oxidation resulted in a 60% lower organic concentration when activated carbon was present after the same UV irradiation time.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Combining activated carbon adsorption with heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation: Lack of synergy for biologically treated greywater and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether

Gulyas

Argáez

Kong

et al. 2013

Environmental Technology

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“…Gulyas and co-workers analyzed separately-collected greywater which was biologically treated in a vertical intermittently-fed constructed wetland. With a non-purgeable total organic carbon (TOC) concentration of 6 mg¨L´1, the greywater sample was characterized by size exclusion chromatography with organic carbon detection and the following classes of organic compounds were detected: polysaccharides, humic substances, building blocks (subunits of humic substances) and, only to a very low extent, "amphiphilic and neutral organics", which are mainly represented by low-molecular weight trace organics [5]. Based on the variety of constituents, greywater sources may be classified into different groups with respect to their organic matter (OM) loading and solid content, such as "low-load grey water" and "high-load grey water".…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent advances in research and application of heterogeneous photocatalysis have been well documented in the literature [17,18]. Considering the suitability and potential application of photocatalysis for the treatment of greywaters, studies have been mainly focused on the degradation of organic matter content in terms of TOC and/or DOC [5,19] and other components, such as ammonia/ammonium, surfactants, etc., present in real or synthetic greywater samples [20,21]. However, photocatalytic disinfection potential should also be taken into consideration when talking about greywater containing various types of microorganisms in significant concentrations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, photocatalytic disinfection potential should also be taken into consideration when talking about greywater containing various types of microorganisms in significant concentrations. Referring to a literature survey on photocatalytic treatment of greywater, it was found that almost all studies emphasized removal of organic matter content rather than simultaneous removal of organic matter and bacteria [5,22]. Through the literature, only Sanchez and co-workers were the ones who checked both organic matter content and bacterial removal in greywater by TiO 2 photocatalysis and they concluded that complete removal of bacteria was achieved in hotel greywater.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Photocatalytic Removal of Microbiological Consortium and Organic Matter in Greywater

Uyguner-Demirel

Bekbölet

2016

Catalysts

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This study aimed to investigate TiO 2 photocatalytic degradation of synthetically-prepared greywater samples with differing compositional contents of organic matter (OM), anion concentration, and microbiological consortium. Treatment efficiency was followed through removal of organic matter content in terms of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), specific spectroscopic parameters, and bacterial inactivation. Photocatalytic degradation kinetics were expressed by pseudo first-order kinetic modeling. The best DOC removal rates were attained for greywater samples containing OM with lower molecular size fractions. In addition, either enhancing or reducing the effect of common anions as radical scavengers were observed depending on the composition and concentration of variables in the greywater matrix. Moreover, possibility of a photocatalytic disinfection process was found to be of a bacteria type specific in OM-loaded synthetic greywater samples. Photocatalytic destruction of fecal streptococci required longer irradiation periods under all conditions. Bacterial removal rates were found to be in the order of total coliform > fecal coliform > fecal streptococci, for low organic load greywater, and fecal coliform > total coliform > fecal streptococci, for high organic load greywater.

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“…Another problem faced is freshwater scarcity and increasing loads of wastewater. Grey fraction of domestic wastewater represents the largest potential source of water conservation 3 . The present study demonstrates a commercial model for plantation of short rotation bioenergy trees under the greywater irrigation trial and its impact on firewood and economic returns.…”

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Model for Economical and Sustainable Bioenergy Production under Greywater Irrigation Trial

Pandey¹,

Srivastava²,

Kaushal³

2017

Current Science

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The present study focuses on sustainable utilization of greywater in short-rotation energy plantationEucalyptus hybrid, Populus deltoides, Salix alba and Melia azedarach. The dry matter produced by wastewater plots was 143%, 54%, 274% and 321% higher for Eucalyptus hybrid, Populus deltoides, Salix alba and Melia azedarach respectively, than the same plants in control plot. The calorific value of samples ranged from 4037 to 5190 Kcal kg -1 in greywater plots, and 3460 to 4469 Kcal kg -1 in control plots. The carbondioxide mitigation potential was 19, 13, 11 and 29 t ha -1 higher for E. hybrid, P. deltoides, S. alba and M. azedarach trees respectively, under wastewater irrigation.Keywords: Bioenergy production, calorific value, carbon dioxide mitigation potential, greywater irrigation.ACCORDING to the 2011 census, India's population has reached 1210 million. Around 833 million people reside in rural areas constituting 68.8% of the population. Approximately 44% of this rural population has no access to electricity and 85% still depends on firewood as a primary source of fuel. In India, bioenergy is the primary sources of energy for cooking, heating water, etc. About 76.3% of rural and 17.5% of urban population still depend on firewood for cooking purposes 1 . India is well bestowed with 450-500 million tonnes of biomass per year, which has a potential to generate 18,000-50,000 MW of power 2 . However, due to increasing population pressure, the consumption of firewood has by far exceeded its supply, thereby causing deforestation. Another problem faced is freshwater scarcity and increasing loads of wastewater. Grey fraction of domestic wastewater represents the largest potential source of water conservation 3 . The present study demonstrates a commercial model for plantation of short rotation bioenergy trees under the greywater irrigation trial and its impact on firewood and economic returns.The present study was conducted in a 1 ha fallow land at the G.B. Pant University of Agriculture and Technology, Pantnagar, Uttarakhand, India (Figure 1). The soil of the experimental site is sandy loam in texture with a slightly acidic pH ranging from 6.3 to 6.5 and electrical conductivity of 140-165 S cm -1 . It is a Tarai region with organic matter (OM) ranging from 1.42% to 1.49%, and bulk density and infiltration rate of 1.45 g cm -3 and 0.32 cm h -1 respectively. The experiment was initiated in November 2008; greywater used for the experiment was exclusively from the bathrooms and kitchens of two residential colonies of the University, having a population of approximately 5000 inhabitants. The control plot was irrigated with water from a shallow borewell which was installed in the experiment field.Two equal sub-plots of dimensions 60 m  80 m were prepared for treatment and control trials leaving a buffer zone of 20 m width between the two plots to prevent the mixing of wastewater and control water. Each plot was further subdivided into three replicated subplots of dimension 30 m  20 m having a buffer of 10 m between each...

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Toward chemical-free reclamation of biologically pretreated greywater: solar photocatalytic oxidation with powdered activated carbon

Cited by 23 publications

References 16 publications

Combining activated carbon adsorption with heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation: Lack of synergy for biologically treated greywater and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether

Combining activated carbon adsorption with heterogeneous photocatalytic oxidation: Lack of synergy for biologically treated greywater and tetraethylene glycol dimethyl ether

Photocatalytic Removal of Microbiological Consortium and Organic Matter in Greywater

Model for Economical and Sustainable Bioenergy Production under Greywater Irrigation Trial

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