Toward Biomaterials for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy

Fan, Qin; Chen, Zhipeng; Wang, Chao; Liu, Zhuang

doi:10.1002/adfm.201802540

Cited by 99 publications

(67 citation statements)

References 247 publications

(268 reference statements)

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“…[16] Unfortunately, the development of ICB therapy is compro mised with the immunosuppressive TME. [17][18][19] Recently, many researchers have proposed that the immunogenic death effect resulting from the traditional treatments, and innate immu nity elicited by immune agonists or microorganisms could efficiently improve the antitumor effect of ICB therapy. [20][21][22][23] However, the immune system damage induced by tradi tional treatments and autoimmunity evoked by agonists or microorganisms cannot be ignored.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Intra/Extracellular Lactic Acid Exhaustion for Synergistic Metabolic Therapy and Immunotherapy of Tumors

et al. 2019

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Regulating the tumor microenvironment (TME) has been a promising strategy to improve antitumor therapy. Here, a red blood cell membrane (mRBC)‐camouflaged hollow MnO2 (HMnO2) catalytic nanosystem embedded with lactate oxidase (LOX) and a glycolysis inhibitor (denoted as PMLR) is constructed for intra/extracellular lactic acid exhaustion as well as synergistic metabolic therapy and immunotherapy of tumor. Benefiting from the long‐circulation property of the mRBC, the nanosystem can gradually accumulate in a tumor site through the enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect. The extracellular nanosystem consumes lactic acid in the TME by catalyzing its oxidation reaction via LOX. Meanwhile, the intracellular nanosystem releases the glycolysis inhibitor to cut off the source of lactic acid, as well as achieve antitumor metabolic therapy through the blockade of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply. Both the extracellular and intracellular processes can be sensitized by O2, which can be produced during the decomposition of endogenous H2O2 catalyzed by the PMLR nanosystem. The results show that the PMLR nanosystem can ceaselessly remove lactic acid, and then lead to an immunocompetent TME. Moreover, this TME regulation strategy can effectively improve the antitumor effect of anti‐PDL1 therapy without the employment of any immune agonists to avoid the autoimmunity.

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confidence: 99%

Intra/Extracellular Lactic Acid Exhaustion for Synergistic Metabolic Therapy and Immunotherapy of Tumors

et al. 2019

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“…In most cases, tumors are immunologically “cold” because of the infiltration of immunosuppressive M2 macrophages . Modulating cold tumors into an inflammatory state (i.e., “hot” tumor) becomes one critical challenge for antitumor immunotherapy . It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress acts as a cellular secondary messenger in inflammation .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Research Articles antitumor immunotherapy. [21] It has been demonstrated that oxidative stress acts as ac ellular secondary messenger in inflammation. [16,22] Therefore,w ea ssume that Cu 2Àx Te NEs with oxidative stress generating ability may skew M2 macrophages into ap roinflammatory M1 phenotype.T ov alidate our assumption, macrophages were polarized to the M2 phenotype with interleukin 4( IL-4).…”

Section: Angewandte Chemiementioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Enzyme Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Antitumor Immunotherapy Reinforced by NIR‐II Light

et al. 2019

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Current cancer therapy is seriously challenged by tumor metastasis and recurrence. One promising solution to these problems is to build antitumor immunity. However, immunotherapeutic efficacy is highly impeded by the immunosuppressive state of the tumors. Here a new strategy is presented, catalytic immunotherapy based on artificial enzymes. Cu2−xTe nanoparticles exhibit tunable enzyme‐mimicking activity (including glutathione oxidase and peroxidase) under near‐infrared‐II (NIR‐II) light. The cascade reactions catalyzed by the Cu2−xTe artificial enzyme gradually elevates intratumor oxidative stress to induce immunogenic cell death. Meanwhile, the continuously generated oxidative stress by the Cu2−xTe artificial enzyme reverses the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment, and boosts antitumor immune responses to eradicate both primary and distant metastatic tumors. Moreover, immunological memory effect is successfully acquired after treatment with the Cu2−xTe artificial enzyme to suppress tumor relapse.

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“…Evading Immunosurveillance by completely eluding or retarding the extent of immunogenicity is appeared to recognize as a major hallmark of cancer, and several hypothesizes have been reported so far that explains, to some extent, why would some cancer cells survive in an immunocompetent environment . One hypothesis indicates that deregulated tumor microenvironment plays a crucial role in the survival and dissemination of tumor .…”

Section: Cellular Players Impeded Antitumor Immune Responsesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunological Consequences of Nanoparticle‐Mediated Antitumor Photoimmunotherapy

Hameed

Mustafa

et al. 2019

Advanced Therapeutics

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Conventional phototherapies have been thought to destroy the malignant cells through apoptosis or necrosis, shut down tumor microvasculature, and activate the host immune system. Accumulating evidence indicates that photothermal agents stimulate both innate and adaptive arms of host immune systems by i) priming tumor antigen-specific T-cell responses, ii) attracting lymphocytes into the tumor site, and iii) modulation of the tumor microenvironment (TME). However, the salutary effect of traditional phototherapies is hindered by its limited penetration depth in tissues. Recent advances in cancer immunotherapies have significantly transformed the landscape of cancer treatment from conventional phototherapies to most standard cancer therapy regimen. Therefore, phototherapies synergized with immunotherapy, maximize the anticancer efficacy by overcoming immunosuppressive TME and elucidating immune responses outside the irradiation area. This synergism is further strengthened by nanomaterial-based strategies to form innovative nanocarriers for efficient and simultaneous delivery of photosensitizers and immunomodulators at the desired target. These nanocarriers can improve the accumulation and retention of both photosensitizer and immunomodulators within the target location, thereby enhancing safety and efficacy. Herein, the systematic effects of phototherapies on the immune system are summarized and the ways in which nanomaterial-based photoimmunotherapy can facilitate the eradication of both primary and metastatic tumors are discussed.

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Toward Biomaterials for Enhancing Immune Checkpoint Blockade Therapy

Cited by 99 publications

References 247 publications

Intra/Extracellular Lactic Acid Exhaustion for Synergistic Metabolic Therapy and Immunotherapy of Tumors

Intra/Extracellular Lactic Acid Exhaustion for Synergistic Metabolic Therapy and Immunotherapy of Tumors

Artificial Enzyme Catalyzed Cascade Reactions: Antitumor Immunotherapy Reinforced by NIR‐II Light

Immunological Consequences of Nanoparticle‐Mediated Antitumor Photoimmunotherapy

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