Toward Better Medical Diagnosis: Tissue Optical Clearing

Hamdy, Omnia; Abdelazeem, Rania M.

doi:10.14302/issn.2641-4538.jphi-19-3132

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Overall, the presence of multiple scattering layers in biological tissues limits optical penetration depth and hence low transmission. The tissue components (including cells, membranes, collagen, fibrin, and elastin fibers) have refractive indices from 1.47 to 1.51, while the surrounding saline solution has a refractive index of nearly 1.33 (49,50). This mismatch between the refractive indexes creates interferences from which light diffuses and scatters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste

Wang¹,

Shakeel²,

Salih³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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High-throughput platforms that can generate copious quantities of corneal grafts will be invaluable in addressing the existing global demand for keratoplasty. Slaughterhouses generate substantial underutilized biological waste that can be repurposed to reduce current environmentally unfriendly practices. Such efforts to support ecological sustainability can simultaneously drive the development of transplantable ovine corneas and patient-specific bioartificial keratoprostheses. This study presents a dataset highlighting techniques that pioneered the development of a simplified, inexpensive, and high-throughput corneal xenograft platform. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first dataset to be generated in the United Arab Emirates devised on repurposing slaughterhouse waste in a manner that supports circular economic practices. These efforts outline the first step in developing a platform that can produce dozens of native ovine xenografts and acellular corneal scaffolds that effectively preserve ocular transparency, transmittance, and ECM components, and can be used to potentially create individualized and transplantable grafts. Such native grafts can then be genetically modified to reduce rejection and retrovirus transmission in recipients. Analogously, decellularization technologies can support corneal regeneration with key attributes comparable to native xenografts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste

Wang¹,

Shakeel²,

Salih³

et al. 2023

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Overall, the presence of multiple scattering layers in biological tissues limits optical penetration depth and hence low transmission. The tissue components (including cells, membranes, collagen, fibrin, and elastin fibers) have refractive indices from 1.47 to 1.51, while the surrounding saline solution has a refractive index of nearly 1.33 ( Costantini et al, 2019 ; Hamdy and Abdelazeem, 2020 ). This mismatch between the refractive indexes creates interferences from which light diffuses and scatters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste

Wang

Shakeel

Salih

et al. 2023

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

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Introduction: Corneal disease is a leading cause of blindness globally that stems from various etiologies. High-throughput platforms that can generate substantial quantities of corneal grafts will be invaluable in addressing the existing global demand for keratoplasty. Slaughterhouses generate substantial quantities of underutilized biological waste that can be repurposed to reduce current environmentally unfriendly practices. Such efforts to support sustainability can simultaneously drive the development of bioartificial keratoprostheses.Methods: Scores of discarded eyes from the prominent Arabian sheep breeds in our surrounding region of the United Arab Emirates (UAE) were repurposed to generate native and acellular corneal keratoprostheses. Acellular corneal scaffolds were created using a whole-eye immersion/agitation-based decellularization technique with a widely available, eco-friendly, and inexpensive 4% zwitterionic biosurfactant solution (Ecover, Malle, Belgium). Conventional approaches like DNA quantification, ECM fibril organization, scaffold dimensions, ocular transparency and transmittance, surface tension measurements, and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to examine corneal scaffold composition.Results: Using this high-throughput system, we effectively removed over 95% of the native DNA from native corneas while retaining the innate microarchitecture that supported substantial light transmission (over 70%) after reversing opacity, a well-established hallmark of decellularization and long-term native corneal storage, with glycerol. FTIR data revealed the absence of spectral peaks in the frequency range 2849 cm−1 to 3075 cm−1, indicating the effective removal of the residual biosurfactant post-decellularization. Surface tension studies confirmed the FTIR data by capturing the surfactant’s progressive and effectual removal through tension measurements ranging from approximately 35 mN/m for the 4% decellularizing agent to 70 mN/m for elutes highlighting the effective removal of the detergent.Discussion: To our knowledge, this is the first dataset to be generated outlining a platform that can produce dozens of ovine acellular corneal scaffolds that effectively preserve ocular transparency, transmittance, and ECM components using an eco-friendly surfactant. Analogously, decellularization technologies can support corneal regeneration with attributes comparable to native xenografts. Thus, this study presents a simplified, inexpensive, and scalable high-throughput corneal xenograft platform to support tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and circular economic sustainability.

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“…However, other researches demonstrated the effect of the temperature-dependent optical properties on the fluence and temperature distribution within some biological tissues during low-level laser therapy [ 22 ]. It was reported that the photo-thermal effect of the utilized laser source, such as heating and coagulation, can change the tissue optical properties [ 8 , 23 ]. In case of implementing low-level laser beam (i.e., from 50 to 500 mW) in therapeutic application, it is of paramount importance to study the variations in tissue optical parameters as a function of laser beam characteristics in order to optimize the therapeutic outcomes [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, some numerical methods such as Monte-Carlo (MCML) and inverse adding doubling (IAD) can be used for the same purpose [7]. However, utilizing most of the previously mentioned mathematical methods for determining tissue's absorption and scattering characteristics requires experimental data of the tissue's optical reflectance and/or transmittance [8,9]. These experimental data can be obtained by using either integrating spheres [10][11][12] or distant detectors [13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Variations in tissue optical parameters with the incident power of an infrared laser

Hamdy

Mohammed

2022

PLoS ONE

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Infrared (IR) lasers are extensively utilized as an effective tool in many medical practices. Nevertheless, light penetration into the inspected tissue, which is highly affected by tissue optical properties, is a crucial factor for successful optical procedures. Although the optical properties are highly wavelength-dependent, they can be affected by the power of the incident laser. The present study demonstrates a considerable change in the scattering and absorption coefficients as a result of varying the incident laser power probing into biological samples at a constant laser wavelength (808 nm). The optical parameters were investigated using an integrating sphere and Kubelka-Munk model. Additionally, fluence distribution at the sample’s surface was modeled using COMSOL-multiphysics software. The experimental results were validated using Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curves and Monte-Carlo simulation. The results showed that tissue scattering coefficient decreases as the incident laser power increases while the absorption coefficient experienced a slight change. Moreover, the penetration depth increases with the optical parameters. The reduction in the scattering coefficients leads to wider and more diffusive fluence rate distribution at the tissue surface. The simulation results showed a good agreement with the experimental data and revealed that tissue anisotropy may be responsible for this scattering reduction. The present findings could be considered in order for the specialists to accurately specify the laser optical dose in various biomedical applications.

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Toward Better Medical Diagnosis: Tissue Optical Clearing

Cited by 7 publications

References 46 publications

A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste

A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste

A scalable corneal xenograft platform: simultaneous opportunities for tissue engineering and circular economic sustainability by repurposing slaughterhouse waste

Variations in tissue optical parameters with the incident power of an infrared laser

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