Toward an understanding of structural racism: Implications for criminal justice

Rucker, Julian M.; Richeson, Jennifer A.

doi:10.1126/science.abj7779

Cited by 86 publications

(75 citation statements)

References 37 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…The current structures of scientific funding reflect, reinforce, and legitimate racial inequities found across society at large. Given that NSF was originally established in service of a postwar 1940s-50s America (69), in a time and place that had not yet abolished racial segregation and disenfranchisement through civil rights legislation, let alone achieved a societal shift away from attitudes favoring a strict racial hierarchy (70), this finding is unsurprising. The existence of decades of widespread funding disparities both within NSF and across STEM shows that institutional racism remains readily identifiable in science and illustrates how white supremacy is maintained in contemporary contexts (71)(72)(73).…”

Section: Reimagining Scientific Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic racial disparities in funding rates at the National Science Foundation

Chen¹,

Kahanamoku²,

Tripati³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Calls to eradicate systemic racism in U.S. institutions have amplified over the last twenty-five years. We investigate National Science Foundation data on funding rates, award types, and proposal ratings from 1996 to 2019 and find pervasive racialized disparities. White principal investigators (PIs) are consistently funded at higher rates than most non-White PIs. Funding rates for White PIs have also been increasing relative to annual overall rates with time. Disparities occur across all disciplinary directorates and are greater for research proposals. Review scores also exhibit systematic racialized biases. Similar patterns are observed in other funding agencies, suggesting that racialized disparities are widespread. Cumulatively, these racialized funding disparities have cascading impacts that perpetuate an advantage to White PIs across all of science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

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Section: Reimagining Scientific Fundingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systemic racial disparities in funding rates at the National Science Foundation

Chen¹,

Kahanamoku²,

Tripati³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Once a sidelining approach has been implemented and people are working toward ideal goals, will they be more receptive to and less threatened by information about social bias (cf. Rucker & Richeson, 2021)?…”

Section: Probation and Parole Officers' Support For Clients: The Empa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sidelining Bias: A Situationist Approach to Reduce the Consequences of Bias in Real-World Contexts

Okonofua

Harris

Walton

2022

Curr Dir Psychol Sci

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It has become common practice to conceptualize bias as an automatic response, cultivated through exposure to bias in society. From this perspective, combating bias requires reducing a proclivity for bias within individuals, as in many implicit-bias training efforts common in schools and corporations. We introduce an alternative approach that begins with the presumption that people are inherently complex, with multiple, often contradictory, selves and goals. When the person is conceptualized this way, it is possible to ask when biased selves are likely to emerge and whether this bias can be sidelined—that is, whether situations can be altered in potent ways that elevate alternative selves and goals that people will endorse and for which bias would be nonfunctional. Using both classic and contemporary examples, we show how sidelining bias has led to meaningful improvements in real-world outcomes, including higher academic achievement and reduced school suspensions, less recidivism to jail, and less stereotyping in mass advertisements.

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“…For example, if intent is not a prerequisite for biased responding, then people can perpetuate group-based inequality without wishing to do so -not only indirectly, as when ignorance of structural racism leads to unwitting support for unjust policies (Rucker & Richeson, 2021), but also directly, through biased interpersonal behavior. This possibility, it turns out, is very real: Thanks to implicit measures of bias, there now exists strong evidence that social bias can operate unintentionally.…”

Section: Using Implicit Measures Of Bias To Reveal the Nature Of Unin...mentioning

confidence: 99%