Toward an Initial Conceptual Framework to Assess Community Allostatic Load: Early Themes from Literature Review and Community Analyses on the Role of Cumulative Community Stress

Abstract

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Physical and Sociocultural Community-Level Influences on Cigar Smoking among Black Young Adults: An In-Depth Interview Investigation

“…Notably, prior research indicates that observed stress among others can increase one's own stress [42], an observation that aligns with community development theorists' suggestion that community conditions impact well-being across concentric individual, social, and ecological levels [43]. The com-pounding of societal stressors is thought to occur at both the individual and community levels [44], which could contribute to disparate vulnerabilities to tobacco use in pursuit of stress relief. Economic hardship, mentioned by several participants in our study, may represent a stressor faced disproportionately by the communities of Black young adults given their higher rates of poverty and lower median incomes compared to other racial and age groups [45].…”

Does Stress Make You Less Neighbourly?*

“…natural disasters (Kaniasty, 2020;Sadeka et al, 2020) and other adverse life events (Chandra et al, 2018;Canavan et al, 2021).…”

“…Social infrastructure is the driver of social resilience; if weakened, it can threaten the ability of human conglomerations to function economically, socially and politically (Kulig et al, 2013;Vale, 2014;Chandra et al, 2018). Social cohesion, a construct that represents the solidarity among members of a community (Kawachi & Berkman, 2003;Friedkin, 2004;Kawachi & Subramanian, 2007;Buchan et al, 2008), is vital in building community resilience (Kulig et al, 2013;Chandra et al, 2018). Fostering social cohesion means creating societies where people are joined together by the presence of a strong social bond which is characterised by mutual trust, tolerance and reciprocity (Klein, 2013;Vale, 2014;Erdem et al, 2016).…”

When disaster management agencies create disaster risk: a case study of the US's Federal Emergency Management Agency

“…In turn, these impacts can have a cascade of knock-on effects. One is breakdowns in family and community institutions, as families, friends and neighbors turn on each other, grow distant, or in other ways turn inwards in attempts to survive (Chandra et al, 2018). Another is impoverishment for households and communities unable to access resources or exposed to risk-creating processes.…”