Toward active x-ray telescopes II

O’Dell, Stephen L.; Aldcroft, Thomas L.; Atkins, Carolyn; Button, T.W.; Cotroneo, Vincenzo; Davis, William J.; Doel, P.; Feldman, Charlotte; Freeman, Mark D.; Gubarev, Mikhail V.; Johnson-Wilke, Raegan L.; Kolodziejczak, Jeffery J.; Lillie, Charles F.; Michette, A. G.; Ramsey, Brian D.; Reid, Paul B.; Sanmartin, Daniel Rodriguez; Saha, Timo T.; Schwartz, D. A.; Trolier-McKinstry, Susan; Ulmer, M. P.; Wilke, Rudeger H. T.; Willingale, R.; Zhang, William W.

doi:10.1117/12.930090

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…For this reason, the method can be useful for a sensitive mirror shape diagnostics under X-rays, without the need to remove the mirror from the vacuum chamber to re-measure its profile. For this reason, this approach can be very useful in active X-ray optics applications 21 to derive the mirror shape directly under X-rays, and consequently provide a feedback to the actuator matrix and optimize the mirror shape in real time.…”

Section: Conclusion and Expected Angular Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile reconstruction of grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors from intra-focal x-ray full imaging

et al. 2013

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The optics of a number of future X-ray telescopes will have very long focal lengths (10 -20 m), and will consist of a number of nested/stacked thin, grazing-incidence mirrors. The optical quality characterization of a real mirror can be obtained via profile metrology, and the Point Spread Function of the mirror can be derived via one of the standard computation methods. However, in practical cases it can be difficult to access the optical surfaces of densely stacked mirror shells, after they have been assembled, using the widespread metrological tools. For this reason, the assessment of the imaging resolution of a system of mirrors is better obtained via a direct, full-illumination test in X-rays. If the focus cannot be reached, an intra-focus test can be performed, and the image can be compared with the simulation results based on the metrology, if available. However, until today no quantitative information was extracted from a full-illumination, intra-focal exposure. In this work we show that, if the detector is located at an optimal distance from the mirror, the intensity variations of the intra-focal, full-illumination image in single reflection can be used to reconstruct the profile of the mirror surface, without the need of a wavefront sensor. The Point Spread Function can be subsequently computed from the reconstructed mirror shape. We show the application of this method to an intra-focal (8 m distance from mirror) test performed at PANTER on an optical module prototype made of hot-slumped glass foils with a 20 m focal length, from which we could derive an expected imaging quality near 16 arcsec HEW.

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Section: Conclusion and Expected Angular Resolutionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Profile reconstruction of grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors from intra-focal x-ray full imaging

et al. 2013

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“…The angular resolution of the Chandra -type imaging system is mainly determined by the degree of the surface smoothness and alignment accuracy of the mirrors, which are achieved only through costly high-precision manufacturing. Given the enormous cost in manufacturing the Chandra mirrors (estimated to be several hundred million dollars 3 ), it is unfeasible to further improve the angular resolution from that of Chandra , or even to match it, with similar methods.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-image x-ray interferometer module: I. Design concept and proof-of-concept experiments with fine-pitch slits

Asakura

Hayashida

Kawabata³

et al. 2023

J. Astron. Telesc. Instrum. Syst.

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.We propose an x-ray imaging system, multi-image x-ray interferometer module (MIXIM), with which a very high angular resolution can be achieved even with a small system size. MIXIM is composed of equally spaced multiple slits and an x-ray detector, and its angular resolution is inversely proportional to the distance between them. Here, we report our evaluation experiments of MIXIM with a newly adopted CMOS sensor with a high spatial resolution of 2.5 μm. Our previous experiments with a prototype MIXIM were limited to one-dimensional imaging, and more importantly, the achieved angular resolution was only ∼1 ″ , severely constrained due to the spatial resolution of the adopted sensor with a pixel size of 4.25 μm. By contrast, one-dimensional images obtained in this experiment had a higher angular resolution of 0.5″ when a configured system size was only ∼1 m, which demonstrates that MIXIM can simultaneously realize a high angular resolution and compact size. We also successfully obtained a two-dimensional profile of an x-ray beam for the first time for MIXIM by introducing a periodic pinhole mask. The highest angular resolution achieved in our experiments is smaller than 0.1″ with a mask-sensor distance of 866.5 cm, which shows the high scalability of MIXIM.

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“…At MSFC, we are involved in several technology development efforts for higher resolution, larger area, and lighter weight x-ray optics to support future replacement of the 15-year-old Chandra X-ray Observatory, [1][2][3][4] with the next mission to attain sub-arcsecond x-ray imaging. All of these technologies [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15] share the need to be mounted, assembled, and aligned into modular units for testing or for flight. Because in our recent experience with moderate-resolution optics [16][17][18][19][20] we have found that without considerable development effort, it is difficult to prevent structure induced errors from contributing significantly, i.e.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Active figure control effects on mounting strategy for x-ray optics

et al. 2014

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As part of ongoing development efforts at MSFC, we have begun to investigate mounting strategies for highly nested xray optics in both full-shell and segmented configurations. The analytical infrastructure for this effort also lends itself to investigation of active strategies. We expect that a consequence of active figure control on relatively thin substrates is that errors are propagated to the edges, where they might affect the effective precision of the mounting points. Based upon modeling, we describe parametrically, the conditions under which active mounts are preferred over fixed ones, and the effect of active figure corrections on the required number, locations, and kinematic characteristics of mounting points.

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Toward active x-ray telescopes II

Cited by 6 publications

References 36 publications

Profile reconstruction of grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors from intra-focal x-ray full imaging

Profile reconstruction of grazing-incidence x-ray mirrors from intra-focal x-ray full imaging

Multi-image x-ray interferometer module: I. Design concept and proof-of-concept experiments with fine-pitch slits

Active figure control effects on mounting strategy for x-ray optics

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