Toward a Theory of Terrorism: Human Security as a Determinant of Terrorism

Callaway, Rhonda L.; Harrelson-Stephens, Julie

doi:10.1080/10576100600701974a

Cited by 18 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The potential for out-groups to affect internal influence processes is recognized in research on intergroup negotiation (Teixeira et al, 2011) andreconciliation (Bar-Tal, 2000;Nadler & Liviatan, 2006), and informs understandings of effective counter-insurgency strategy (Callaway & Harrelson-Stephens, 2006). In the context of concerns about radicalization and when people will heed oppositional voices of leadership, the understanding that the actions of powerful outgroups (such as governments) are key to these dynamics is an important message .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing between conciliatory and oppositional leaders: The role of out‐group signals and in‐group leader candidates' collective action tactics

Blackwood

Louis

2017

Euro J Social Psych

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In this paper, we examine the role of out‐group signals and in‐group leader tactics in the choice and evaluation of rival in‐group leader candidates. Study 1 found preference for a negotiating in‐group leader over an oppositional leader, mediated by perceived leader effectiveness and prototypicality. In Study 2, participants chose a leader who had received out‐group endorsement, and in Studies 3 and 4, participants chose a negotiating in‐group leader where the out‐group was prepared to negotiate and an oppositional leader where the out‐group was not prepared to negotiate. In the latter three studies, there was evidence for participants being strategic in their choices: effects were mediated by effectiveness but not prototypicality. These findings suggest our understanding of collective action will be enriched through attention to the situational cues provided by out‐groups, and to the context of competing voices of collective action leadership.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Choosing between conciliatory and oppositional leaders: The role of out‐group signals and in‐group leader candidates' collective action tactics

Blackwood

Louis

2017

Euro J Social Psych

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“…Where the actions of the police positioned all crowd members as "other" and dangerous, this led to more moderate crowd members (1) seeing themselves as "other" to the police and as sharing a common category membership with the crowd; (2) desisting from attempting to urge moderation upon other crowd members, and (3) an overall shift in influence within the crowd away from moderation and towards those advocating confrontation. Moreover, the consequences of such alienation need not be active support for those advocating violence: There is evidence that antiauthority behavior is more likely to occur in contexts where other group members feel less able to intervene (Callaway & Harrelson-Stephens, 2006).…”

Section: The Role Of Authoritiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

From Theorizing Radicalization to Surveillance Practices: Muslims in the Cross Hairs of Scrutiny

Blackwood

Hopkins

Reicher

2015

Political Psychology

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There are several psychological analyses of the processes of radicalization resulting in terrorism. However, we know little about how those in authority (e.g., the police) conceptualize the psychological dynamics to radicalization. Accordingly, we present a detailed account of an official U.K. counterterrorism intervention, the Workshop to Raise Awareness of Prevent, designed to enlist frontline professionals in identifying and referring those at risk of radicalization. Specifically, we report data gathered during an observation of this intervention delivered by the police in Scotland. This provides insight into the psychological model of radicalization being disseminated in the United Kingdom, and we evaluate the merits of this model in the light of current psychological theory. First, we consider how this model may overlook certain social dynamics relevant to understanding radicalization. Second, we discuss how this neglect limits consideration of how the surveillance warranted by the official model may lead Muslims to disengage from majority group members. Our analysis points to how political psychology's analysis of social identities and citizenship can inform public policy and practice.

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“…Consistent with this argument, the repression of non-terrorists in reaction to terror appears to be a trigger both of terrorism and of increased popular support for terrorism across a number of cultural contexts, including 20th century Ireland (Callaway & Harrelson-Stephens, 2006), and the presentday Middle East (e.g., Moghaddam, 2006Moghaddam, , 2008. Combating terrorism must arguably focus not only on containing terrorists themselves, but also on differentiating non-terrorist political opponents and non-active constituents of the terrorists.…”

Section: A Theoretical Framework: From Costs and Benefits To Identitimentioning

confidence: 95%

“…In this approach, terrorist groups try to provoke harsh government reprisals against the terrorists' constituents in order to mobilize popular support for their group. For example, it has been argued that the IRA campaigns helped to achieve Irish independence because they provoked repression that pushed the broad community into alignment with the terrorists (Callaway & Harrelson-Stephens, 2006). A similar argument, in which successful revolution was fostered by harsh reprisals against terrorists' constituents, has been put forward regarding the ANC in South Africa.…”

Section: Terrorism As a Tactical Choicementioning

confidence: 99%

Terrorism, Identity, and Conflict Management

Louis

2009

Social & Personality Psych

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Social psychological research on the consequences and antecedents of terrorism are reviewed, and implications for conflict management are discussed. The research is theoretically and socially interesting because it deals with the intersection of identity and psychological threat with political choices in conflict. A model of identity politics and agentic normative influence is described which draws attention to the importance of stopping the spread of terrorist identity and norms as the key challenge in counter‐terrorism. An identity politics approach would argue that terrorists should be defined narrowly, while non‐violent leaders of the terrorists’ constituents should be recognized and rewarded as representatives of their constituents. As such, the analysis suggests a pessimistic prospect for terror in the 2010s.

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Toward a Theory of Terrorism: Human Security as a Determinant of Terrorism

Cited by 18 publications

References 20 publications

Choosing between conciliatory and oppositional leaders: The role of out‐group signals and in‐group leader candidates' collective action tactics

Choosing between conciliatory and oppositional leaders: The role of out‐group signals and in‐group leader candidates' collective action tactics

From Theorizing Radicalization to Surveillance Practices: Muslims in the Cross Hairs of Scrutiny

Terrorism, Identity, and Conflict Management

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