Toward a system where workforce planning and interprofessional practice and education are designed around patients and populations not professions

Fraher, Erin; Brandt, Barbara F.

doi:10.1080/13561820.2018.1564252

Cited by 56 publications

(53 citation statements)

References 53 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…Though these traditional models can be useful for providing baseline estimates of providers per capita, they do not allow for quantification of how health care teams work together. Silo-based health workforce projection models will soon give way to methodologies that acknowledge overlapping scopes of practice and prompt needs-based interprofessional workforce planning centered on patients and populations, instead of on professions (Fraher & Brandt, 2019). Better data that not only estimate the supply of individual psychiatric nurses but also quantify the contribution of psychiatric nurses to behavioral health service delivery are important for accurate assessment of the psychiatric workforce capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Advanced Practice Nurses Within the Psychiatric Workforce

Beck

Page

Buche

et al. 2019

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc

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OBJECTIVE: To examine the size and distribution of the advanced practice psychiatric nurse workforce relative to the total psychiatry workforce to determine whether nurses are predominantly working in areas with higher or lower levels of behavioral health specialists. METHODS: State-level data for psychiatric nurses were obtained from the American Nurses Credentialing Center, and included mental health psychiatric nurse practitioners, adult psychiatric nurse practitioners, child psychiatric clinical nurse specialists, and adult psychiatric clinical nurse specialists. Supply estimates of the full psychiatry workforce were calculated for comparison purposes. State population estimates were obtained from U.S. Census Bureau data. State workforce estimates were converted to a 1:100,000 provider-to-population ratio to analyze the density of providers across states. RESULTS: In 2018, the psychiatric workforce supply was estimated to be composed of 66,740 providers, including psychiatrists ( n = 47,046; 71%), psychiatric nurses ( n = 17,534; 26%), physician assistants ( n = 1,164; 2%), and psychiatric pharmacists ( n = 966; 1%). Overall, psychiatric providers appeared to be most densely concentrated in the northeast region of the United States. A dearth of providers was most pronounced within areas in the 12-state Midwest region, southern states, California, and Nevada. The average concentration of psychiatric workers was 22.61 per 100,000 population. CONCLUSIONS: The findings of this study find inconsistent pattern of how psychiatric nurses are distributed relative to the rest of the workforce, but reinforce the idea that they are essential in addressing care needs in areas with low concentrations of psychiatry specialists—especially if they are authorized to work to the full extent of their training/education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Distribution of Advanced Practice Nurses Within the Psychiatric Workforce

Beck

Page

Buche

et al. 2019

J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc

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“…As care models change and flex to meet the needs of individuals and populations, the healthcare workforce must be able to adapt. Retooling the current healthcare workforce while educating the future workforce requires flexibility in provider roles and continued IP education [14]. Providing healthcare professionals and students with knowledge of IP competencies and continuing education on prevention and population health will help prepare the primary care workforce for the future [4,5].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the team structure, roles, and interactions were not evaluated in the study, the composition and roles of the interprofessional care team would ideally be determined by patient care needs. The first step when developing effective IP primary care teams is assessing the gaps in patient services and the needs of the patients [14]. The number and types of professions would optimally be deployed to address these gaps [14].…”

Section: Interprofessional Team-based Care and The Delivery Of Prevenmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Enhancing primary care and preventive services through Interprofessional practice and education

Fowler

Garr

Mager

et al. 2020

Isr J Health Policy Res

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Interprofessional (IP) practice and education are important when seeking to respond to the growing demand for primary and preventive care services. Multiple professions with synergistic expertise are needed to effectively provide health promotion, disease prevention, and patient education and to help patients with multiple comorbidities, chronic health conditions, and care coordination. A recent study by Schor et al. titled, "Multidisciplinary work promotes preventive medicine and health education in primary care: a cross-sectional survey," compares the implementation of preventive services in three primary care models. Higher rates of health services, patient education, and health outcomes were documented in two different models of care involving persons in multiple professions when compared with independent solo physicians' practices. In this commentary, we focus on the value of IP team-based care, continuing professional development, and the impact of the team on practice performance and health outcomes. Key components of effective IP teams include using consistent terminology to describe the team composition and function, team structures with purposeful selection of professions to address gaps in care, leadership support, and IP continuing professional development and education.

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“…Since 2010, policymakers have recognized the value of redesigning health professions education to develop a workforce capable of meeting the growing health care needs of the world's population. [1][2][3][4] Among their recommendations, a global commission proposed the need for interprofessional education that breaks down professional silos while enhancing collaborative and non-hierarchical relationships in effective teams. 1 New instructional strategies focusing on interprofessional education would result in providers who are able to deliver collaborative, team-based care leading to enhanced efficiency, effectiveness, and improved patient outcomes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developing Interprofessional Primary Care Teams: Alumni Evaluation of the Department of Veterans Affairs Centers of Excellence in Primary Care Education Program

Harada

Rajashekara

Sansgiry

et al. 2019

Journal of Medical Education and Curricular Development

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Purpose: The Centers of Excellence in Primary Care Education (CoEPCE) is an interprofessional graduate training program within the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). In this project, we describe career paths of CoEPCE graduates, their perceptions of CoEPCE program value, their overall satisfaction with the training, and suggestions for program improvement to enhance interprofessional education and workforce development. Methods: The Graduate Participant Survey was developed and administered in 2018 to CoEPCE graduates from 2012 to 2017. Quantitative data from closed-ended questions were analyzed through descriptive and non-parametric statistics to test for significant differences by profession. Qualitative data from the single open-ended question were analyzed using content analysis with inductive and deductive approaches. Results: The survey was completed by 180 graduates. Greater proportions of pharmacists and psychologists than nurse practitioners and physicians were employed in VA, and greater proportions of nurse practitioners and pharmacists than physicians and psychologists were employed in primary care. Although smaller proportions of physicians were currently employed in primary care ( P < .0001), a greater proportion completed advanced training programs ( P < .0001). Overall, graduates perceived that their CoEPCE training was highly valued by advanced training programs and employers and improved their chances of finding a job. They reported high levels of satisfaction (mean = 4.3 ± 0.9 out of 5 total) with the training program, continued to use skills they learned during training, and believe their CoEPCE experiences made them better health care providers. Conclusions: Ninety-four percent of the CoEPCE graduates were employed at the VA and/or primary care at the completion of their training, although there were significant differences by profession. Graduates continued to practice interprofessional skills learned during their training and were highly satisfied with the program. Taken together, the findings indicate that continued enhancements to the interprofessional clinical learning environment are warranted.

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Toward a system where workforce planning and interprofessional practice and education are designed around patients and populations not professions

Cited by 56 publications

References 53 publications

The Distribution of Advanced Practice Nurses Within the Psychiatric Workforce

The Distribution of Advanced Practice Nurses Within the Psychiatric Workforce

Enhancing primary care and preventive services through Interprofessional practice and education

Developing Interprofessional Primary Care Teams: Alumni Evaluation of the Department of Veterans Affairs Centers of Excellence in Primary Care Education Program

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