Toward a speech-motor account of the effect of Age of Pacifier Withdrawal

Barca, Laura

doi:10.1016/j.jcomdis.2021.106085

Cited by 5 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Disparities include but are not limited to the poor development of oral functions [ 6 ], increased incidence of acute otitis media, and other infections [ 7 – 9 ], malocclusion [ 11 , 12 ], early life weight outcomes [ 16 ], the development of unhealthy lifestyles in adulthood including smoking, overeating, and other compulsive disorders [ 17 , 18 ] as well as pacifier use beyond six months, have been associated with accelerated infant growth and toddler obesity [ 14 ]. Moreover, a pacifier use has been associated to speech problems [ 10 ], lower social interactions [ 58 ], and lower levels of intelligence. A recent analysis of a birth cohort study found a strong association between pacifier use and lower intelligence quotient at six years [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with pacifier use among six-months old infants in Clark County, Nevada

et al. 2023

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Background Pacifier use can interfere with nurturing care practices such as breastfeeding, soothing, and sleeping. Due to contradicting beliefs, recommendations, and the high frequency of pacifier use, understanding its associations may support shaping equitable public health recommendations. This study explored the socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with pacifier use among six-months old infants in Clark County, Nevada. Method Cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2021 with a sample of mothers (n = 276) of infants under six months old in Clark County, Nevada. Participants were recruited through advertisements in birth, lactation, pediatric care centers, and social media. We used binomial and multinomial logistic models to assess the association between pacifier use and the age of pacifier introduction, respectively, with household, maternal, infant, healthcare characteristics, and feeding and sleeping practices. Results More than half of the participants offered pacifiers (60.5%). Pacifier use was higher among low-income households (OR (95% CI) 2.06 (0.99–4.27)), mothers who identified as non-Hispanic (OR (95% CI) 2.09 (1.22–3.59)), non-first-time mothers (OR (95% CI) 2.09 (1.11–3.05)), and bottle-feeding infants (OR (95% CI) 2.76 (1.35–5.65)). Compared to those who did not introduce a pacifier, non-Hispanic mothers (RRR (95% CI) 2.34 (1.30–4.21)) and bottle-fed infants (RRR (95% CI) 2.71 (1.29–5.69)) had a higher risk of introducing pacifier within two weeks. Likewise, infants living in food insecure households (RRR (95% CI) 2.53 (0.97–6.58)) and mothers who have more than one child (RRR (95% CI) 2.44 (1.11–5.34)) had a higher risk of introducing a pacifier after two weeks. Conclusion Pacifier use is independently associated with maternal income, ethnicity, parity, and bottle feeding among six-month-old infants living in Clark County, Nevada. Household food insecurity increased the relative risk of introducing a pacifier after two weeks. Qualitative research on pacifier use among families with diverse ethnic/racial backgrounds is needed to improve equitable interventions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with pacifier use among six-months old infants in Clark County, Nevada

et al. 2023

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“…Future research should continue to explore the long-term effects of pacifier use on children’s language development. Specifically, research should investigate the optimal duration and frequency of pacifier use, as well as the potential benefits and risks associated with different types of pacifiers ( Bruderer et al, 2015 ; Barca, 2021 ). Furthermore, it is yet to be understood what the underlying mechanisms are, through which pacifier use may impact language development and dental health, including the effects on oral motor skills and muscle development ( Barca et al, 2017 ; Strutt et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Conclusion and Future Research Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Language development is a crucial aspect of child development, with the first few years of life being a critical period for this skill acquisition ( Barca, 2021 ). During this time, infants rapidly develop the ability to understand and produce speech, with various developing brain areas involved in the process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effects of prolonged pacifier use on language development in infants and toddlers

Kanellopoulos,

Costello

2024

Front. Psychol.

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Pacifiers are a common soothing tool used by parents to calm and comfort infants and toddlers. While pacifiers can provide temporary relief, there is growing concern about the potential long-term effects of prolonged pacifier use on language and cognitive development. Previous studies have suggested that prolonged use of pacifiers may have negative consequences on language outcomes in infants and toddlers, especially during the first few years of life known to be a critical period for language development. Previous studies have shown that children who use pacifiers extensively have smaller vocabulary sizes at 1 and 2 years of age which can have subsequent effects on socioemotional. In addition, significant association between greater frequency of daytime pacifier use and worsening of cognitive outcomes was shown. Furthermore, research has shown a strong dose–response association between intense pacifier use up to 4 years of age and lower IQ at 6 years. Recently, the importance of oral motor movements and sensorimotor production for speech perception in infants as young as 6 months has been highlighted, raising important questions on the effect of oral motor movement restrictions at an early age. Together, these findings raise concern about the potential long-term effects of prolonged pacifier use on language and cognitive development at a critical time in child development. However, it is still debatable within the scientific field the potential relationship between pacifier use and language development in early life most likely due to the complexity of studying child development. This mini review aims to provide valuable insights for parents, caregivers, and healthcare professionals in making informed decisions and understand regarding pacifier use for infants and toddlers.

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“…The DIVA model postulates that babbling helps create a neural mapping between articulatory muscles and specific sound representations (a sound map) from tactile, proprioceptive, and auditory feedback (Oller & Eilers, 1988). Barca (2021) proposes that pacifier use could alter the proprioceptive and auditory feedback that infants receive to create phonemic representations for target speech sounds. The presence of a pacifier in an infant's mouth within the first year of age may disrupt the development of the representation of the articulatory space.…”

Section: Theoretical Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustained pacifier use is associated with smaller vocabulary sizes at 1 and 2 years of age: A cross‐sectional study

Muñoz,

Kartushina,

Mayor

2024

Developmental Science

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Pacifier use during childhood has been hypothesized to interfere with language processing, but, to date, there is limited evidence revealing detrimental effects of prolonged pacifier use on infant vocabulary learning. In the present study, parents of 12‐ and 24‐month‐old infants were recruited in Oslo (Norway). The sample included 1187 monolingual full‐term born (without visual, auditory, or cognitive impairments) infants: 452 (230 girls; 222 boys) 12‐month‐olds and 735 (345 girls; 390 boys) 24‐month‐olds. Parents filled out an online Norwegian Communicative Development Inventory (CDI), which assesses the vocabulary in comprehension and production for 12‐month‐old infants and in production only for 24‐month‐old infants. CDI scores were transformed into age‐ and sex‐adjusted percentiles using Norwegian norms. Additionally, parents retrospectively reported their child's daytime pacifier use, in hours, at 2‐month intervals, from birth to the assessment date. Maternal education was used to control, in the analyses, for the socio‐economic status. We found that greater pacifier use in an infant's lifespan was associated with lower vocabulary size. Pacifier use later in life was more negatively associated with vocabulary size than precocious use, and increased the odds of being a low language scorer. In sum, our study moves beyond the findings of momentary effects of experimentally induced “impairment” in articulators’ movement on speech perception and suggests that, from 12 months of age, constraints on the infant's speech articulators (pacifier use) may be negatively associated with word comprehension and production.Research Highlight We examined the relationship between pacifier use and vocabulary sizes in production at 24 months of age and comprehension and production at 12 months of age. Lifespan Pacifier Use (LPU) was negatively correlated with vocabulary sizes in comprehension and production among 12‐month‐old infants and negatively correlated with production for 24‐month‐olds. Later pacifier use was found to be more negatively correlated with vocabulary size in infants, as compared to more precocious use. The amount of pacifier use in the 2 months prior to a child's second birthday was predictive of a higher prevalence of low vocabulary scores in 24‐month‐olds.

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Toward a speech-motor account of the effect of Age of Pacifier Withdrawal

Cited by 5 publications

References 40 publications

Socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with pacifier use among six-months old infants in Clark County, Nevada

Socio-demographic, maternal, and infant characteristics associated with pacifier use among six-months old infants in Clark County, Nevada

The effects of prolonged pacifier use on language development in infants and toddlers

Sustained pacifier use is associated with smaller vocabulary sizes at 1 and 2 years of age: A cross‐sectional study

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