Toward a process model of the attitude–behavior relation: Accessing one's attitude upon mere observation of the attitude object.

Fázio, Russell H.; Powell, Martha C.; Herr, Paul M.

doi:10.1037/0022-3514.44.4.723

Cited by 314 publications

(217 citation statements)

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“…The first experiment conceptually replicated and extended the findings of Herr et al (1983) by demonstrating that subjects primed with exemplars of moderate categories evaluated an ambiguously described target person consistently with those categories, whereas subjects exposed to exemplars of extreme categories evaluated the same ambiguously described target person in the opposite direction from the activated category. This experiment demonstrated for the first time that, following priming of a social category, both assimilation and contrast effects of judgment occur.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

“…Given the findings of Herr et al (1983) that, in addition to producing categorization effects, an activated category can also set a context for judgments of size and ferocity of animals, it seems reasonable to expect this effect following priming with exemplars of a social category. That is, the activated category should set a context for judgments in a social domain, and following judgments, behavior should be consistent with the judgment.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This discussion suggests that the predominance of assimilation effects when social categories are primed may be due, in part, to priming with exemplars of only moderately extreme categories. No study, except Herr et al (1983), has specifically attempted to manipulate extremity. This may be due, in part, to the priming procedures and exemplars used.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Consequences of priming: Judgment and behavior.

Herr¹

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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Two experiments investigated the judgmental and behavioral consequences of priming a social category. In the first experiment, assimilation and contrast effects of judgment of a target person's hostility obtained following priming with exemplars of, respectively, moderate and extreme levels of the category hostility. The second experiment replicated these findings and, in addition, demonstrated that subjects then behaved consistently with their evaluations of the target person in a social interaction. The results are discussed in terms of the social interaction literature, with category accessibility serving as a means of creating an expectancy for the target's behavior.A considerable amount of research evidence supports the notion that the expectations held by an individual regarding the behavior of a target person determine, to a great extent, the content of the social interaction between the two individuals. In game settings, subjects who thought that their partner disliked them (Jones & Panitch, 1971) or who were led to believe that their partner was a generally hostile person (Snyder & Swann, 1978) behaved significantly more competitively toward that person than when such an expectancy was not present. Kelley and Stahelski (1970) found that subjects who expected their partners to be competitive behaved in a more competitive manner as well. In each case, subjects' expectancies of another individual were manipulated and the subject holding that expectancy came to act differently toward the target person.The effects of expectancies on social interactions are not confined to game situations. Word, Zanna, and Cooper (1974) found that, in the context of an interracial interview, black "job applicants" received shorter interview times, greater physical distancing, and higher rates of speech errors from white interviewers than did white applicants. Snyder, Tanke, and Berscheid (1977) demonstrated that men's beliefs that women who were physically attractive would be warmer and more sociable than physically unattractive women resulted in different behavior to a female target in a telephone conversation.All of these studies provide evidence that individuals' expectations indeed affect the nature of a behavioral interaction. Whether the expectancy was formed in the lab by an experimenter or held by the subject before, the social interaction with This article is based on a doctoral dissertation conducted at Indiana University and supported by an Indiana University doctoral dissertation grant.I would like to thank the members of the dissertation committee,

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 58%

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Consequences of priming: Judgment and behavior.

Herr¹

1986

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology

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“…Indeed, from its outset, this theoretical conceptualization of attitudes has been embodied within a model attempting to specify the process(es) by which attitudes "guide" behavior (for early discussions, see Fazio, Powell, Herr, 1983;Fazio, 1986). Thus, the MODE model (Fazio, 1990;Fazio & Towles-Schwen, 1999) postulates that attitudes can influence behavior in a relatively spontaneous fashion, to the extent that they are activated automatically from memory upon the individual's encountering the attitude object.…”

Section: Attitudes As Object-evaluation Associationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attitudes as Object–Evaluation Associations of Varying Strength

2007

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Historical developments regarding the attitude concept are reviewed, and set the stage for consideration of a theoretical perspective that views attitude, not as a hypothetical construct, but as evaluative knowledge. A model of attitudes as object-evaluation associations of varying strength is summarized, along with research supporting the model's contention that at least some attitudes are represented in memory and activated automatically upon the individual's encountering the attitude object. The implications of the theoretical perspective for a number of recent discussions related to the attitude concept are elaborated. Among these issues are the notion of attitudes as "constructions," the presumed malleability of automatically-activated attitudes, correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of attitude, and postulated dual or multiple attitudes.For nearly 25 years now, a particular view of attitudes has formed the underpinnings of my research program on the consequences of attitudes for attention, categorization, judgment, and behavior. It was in 1982 that my colleagues and I first proposed that attitudes can be viewed as object-evaluation associations in memory (Fazio, Chen, McDonel, & Sherman, 1982). The perspective has proven much more illuminating (and occupied us for much longer) than we had envisioned at the time. It has fostered examination of a wide variety of questions regarding attitudes, and it continues to provide a valuable perspective for considering new issues. In this article, I summarize the theoretical model and some of the research findings that support it, as well as the perspective the model provides regarding some recent discussions of attitudes as constructions, the presumed malleability of attitudes, correspondence between implicit and explicit measures of attitude, and postulated dual or multiple attitudes.

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“…Information, memories, and/or attitude structures that are activated by a memory search become more available, more easily accessed, and more influential for subsequent judgments (Bargh & Pratto, 1986;Fazio, Powell, & Herr, 1983;Higgins, King, & Mavin, 1982;Posner, 1978). 6.…”

Section: Consequences Of Being Asked a Questionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research

Schwarz¹,

Sudman²

1992

209

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), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use of general descriptive names, trade names, trademarks, etc., in this publication, even if the former are not especially identified, is not to be taken as a sign that such names, as understood by the Trade Marks and Merchandise Marks Act, may accordingly be used freely by anyone.Camera-ready copy supplied by the authors. Printed and bound by Braun-Brumfield, Inc., Ann Arbor, MI. Bibb Latane and Deborah Richardson hosted the conference at the Nags Head Conference Center in Kill Devil Hills, North Carolina. Their hospitality, the joys of southern cooking, and the outer banks of North Carolina greatly contributed to an enjoyable and productive meeting. Special thanks are due to Mary A. Spaeth, who edited all contributions to this volume and turned a pile of manuscripts into a readable book. Finally, we thank all conference participants for lively and controversial discussions from breakfast to midnight and for the fine chapters that they contributed.

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Toward a process model of the attitude–behavior relation: Accessing one's attitude upon mere observation of the attitude object.

Cited by 314 publications

References 39 publications

Consequences of priming: Judgment and behavior.

Consequences of priming: Judgment and behavior.

Attitudes as Object–Evaluation Associations of Varying Strength

Context Effects in Social and Psychological Research

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