Toward a novel dosimetry system using acrylic disk radiation sensor for proton pencil beam scanning

Cho, Shinhaeng; Lee, Nuri; Song, S.; Son, Jaeman; Kim, Hak‐Soo; Jeong, Jee–Heon; Lee, Se Byeong; Lim, Young Kyung; Moon, Sungwoo; Yoon, Myonggeun; Shin, Dongho

doi:10.1002/mp.13149

Cited by 4 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…[1][2][3][4] The prototype of a single ADRS and its performance have been described in our previous report. 6 The significant distinction of our method, compared to conventional scintillators, is that the signals from the bare optical disks and fibers are not affected by the radiation quenching effect. 4,6 This may be explained by the lower density of the excitation centers in the bare optical materials used in our study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…6 The significant distinction of our method, compared to conventional scintillators, is that the signals from the bare optical disks and fibers are not affected by the radiation quenching effect. 4,6 This may be explained by the lower density of the excitation centers in the bare optical materials used in our study. The multilayer ADRS was designed to instantly verify the energies of the pencil beam delivered layer-by-layer and can also rapidly record a full Bragg curve in a single measurement.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…It provides the advantages of water equivalency (mass density of 1.19 gcm À3 ), easy processing, remote sensing, and no interference from electromagnetic fields. 6 The emission wavelength of the acrylic optical disk was >370 nm, and the optical fiber acts as a clear waveguide without emission. The outer diameter, cladding thickness, and core thickness of the optical fiber were 1, 0.04, and 0.96 mm, respectively.…”

Section: A Multilayer Adrs Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although IDD curves have been measured using a single ADRS, these measurements have not completely replaced multilayer ionization chamber (MLIC), mainly because of difficulties associated with the setup, which requires that be located in the water phantom. 6 The efficiency of the measurements has been improved by arranging the ADRS in 20 layers and fabricating an acrylic dark box, allowing flexibility in the placement of the solid water phantom by providing extra space (Fig. 1).…”

Section: A Multilayer Adrs Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…5 We recently developed an acrylic-disk radiation sensor (ADRS) that can replace conventional dosimetry systems for the measurement of IDD curves for the commissioning of a treatment planning system (TPS). 6 However, this single ADRS had limitations, including its inefficiency in determining IDD curves and its inability to directly verify the energy for each scan layer. Evaluating the energy in PBS is complicated because the dose is delivered by placing the Bragg peak on the patient in one position and then the dose distribution is determined layer-by-layer by varying the beam energy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility study of patient‐specific energy verification using a multilayer acrylic‐disk radiation sensor

et al. 2020

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Obtaining an integral depth-dose (IDD) curve using a recently developed acrylic-disk radiation sensor (ADRS) is time-consuming because its single structure requires point-by-point measurements in a water phantom. The goal of this study was to verify the ability of a newly designed multilayer ADRS, composed of 20 layers, to measure the energy of proton pencil beam scanning (PBS) in patient-specific quality assurance (QA). Materials and methods: The multilayer ADRS consisted of a disk-type transmitter, with a diameter of 15 cm and with a thickness of 1 mm, surrounded by a thin optical fiber; this ADRS provided a higher spatial resolution than the single ADRS, which was 2 mm. The dosimetric characteristics of the multilayer ADRS were determined to accurately measure the energy delivered layer-by-layer. We selected five patients to verify the energy measured using the multilayer ADRS from the actual clinical proton therapy plans. The accuracy of the results measured using the multilayer ADRS was compared with that of measurements by a Bragg peak ionization chamber (IC) and that calculated by a Monte Carlo TOPAS simulation. Results: The difference between the multilayer ADRS measurements and those of the TOPAS simulation was within 1% for all patients. The ranges, corresponding to the beam energies for each patient, measured using the multilayer ADRS were closer to those calculated using the TOPAS simulation than those measured using the Bragg peak IC. Conclusions: The multilayer ADRS is well suited to verifying the energy of a pencil beam. The acrylic materials used in its configuration make this device easier to use and more cost-effective than conventional detectors. This device, with its high extensibility and stability, may be applicable as a new dosimetry tool for PBS.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: A Multilayer Adrs Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: A Multilayer Adrs Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Feasibility study of patient‐specific energy verification using a multilayer acrylic‐disk radiation sensor

et al. 2020

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Flexible real‐time skin dosimeter based on a thin‐film copper indium gallium selenide solar cell for electron radiation therapy

et al. 2023

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Purpose Various dosimeters have been proposed for skin dosimetry in electron radiotherapy. However, one main drawback of these skin dosimeters is their lack of flexibility, which could make accurate dose measurements challenging due to air gaps between a curved patient surface and dosimeter. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to suggest a novel flexible skin dosimeter based on a thin‐film copper indium gallium selenide (CIGS) solar cell, and to evaluate its dosimetric characteristics. Methods The CIGS solar cell dosimeter consisted of (a) a customized thin‐film CIGS solar cell and (b) a data acquisition (DAQ) system. The CIGS solar cell with a thickness of 0.33 mm was customized to a size of 10 × 10 mm2. This customized solar cell plays a role in converting therapeutic electron radiation into electrical signals. The DAQ system was composed of a voltage amplifier with a gain of 1000, a voltage input module, a DAQ chassis, and an in‐house software. This system converted the electrical analog signals (from solar cell) to digital signals with a sampling rate of ≤50 kHz and then quantified/visualized the digital signals in real time. We quantified the linearity/ sampling rate effect/dose rate dependence/energy dependence/field size output factor/reproducibility/curvature/bending recoverability/angular dependence of the CIGS solar cell dosimeter in therapeutic electron beams. To evaluate clinical feasibility, we measured the skin point doses by attaching the CIGS solar cell to an anthropomorphic phantom surface (for forehead, mouth, and thorax). The CIGS‐measured doses were compared with calculated doses (by treatment planning system) and measured doses (by optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter). Results The normalized signals of the solar cell dosimeter increased linearly as the delivered dose increased. The gradient of the linearly fitted line was 1.00 with an R‐square of 0.9999. The sampling rates (2, 10, and 50 kHz) of the solar cell dosimeter showed good performance even at low doses (<50 cGy). The solar cell dosimeter exhibited dose rate independence within 1% and energy independence within 3% error margins. The signals of the solar cell dosimeter were similar (<1%) when penetrating the same side of the CIGS cell regardless of the rotation angle of the solar cell. The field size output factor measured by the solar cell dosimeter was comparable to that measured by the ion chamber. The solar cell signals were similar between the baseline (week 1) and the last time point (week 4). Our detector showed curvature independence within 1.8% (curvatures of <0.10 mm−) and bending recovery (curvature of 0.10 mm−1). The differences between measured doses (CIGS solar cell dosimeter vs. optically stimulated luminescent dosimeter) were 7.1%, 9.6%, and 1.0% for forehead, mouth, and thorax, respectively. Conclusion We present the construction of a flexible skin dosimeter based on a CIGS solar cell. Our findings demonstrate that the CIGS solar cell has a potential to be a novel flexible skin dosimeter for electro...

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Radiation hardness of cadmium telluride solar cells in proton therapy beam mode

et al. 2019

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We evaluated the durability of cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar cells upon proton beam irradiation as well as the possibility of achieving a dosimeter usable in proton beam therapy by applying 100 MeV of pencil beam scanning (PBS) irradiation. Specifically, a 100 MeV proton PBS beam was applied at irradiation doses of 0, 1012, 1013, 1014, and 1015 cm-2. According to the results, the remaining factors (defined as the ratio of the degraded value to the initial value) of open-circuit voltage (Voc), short-circuit current (Jsc), fill-factor (FF), and efficiency (ƞ) which are solar cell performance parameters, were approximately 89%, 44%, 69%, and 30%, respectively, compared to those of the reference cell (without irradiation) at the highest dose of 1×1015 cm-2. In particular, the conversion efficiency, which is the main factor, was approximately 70% of that of the reference cell even at a high fluence of 1×1014 cm-2. In addition, we observed the projected range of the hydrogen atoms based on the PBS beam energy using the Tool for Particle Simulation software and assessed the amount of fluence accumulated in a CdTe cell. As the energy increased, the fluence accumulated inside the cell tended to decrease owing to the characteristics of the Bragg peak of the proton. Thus, the radiation damage to the cell induced by the proton beam was reduced. The results of this study are expected to provide valuable reference information for research on dosimetry sensors composed of thin-film solar cells, serving as the basis for future application in proton beam therapy with CdTe solar cells.

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Toward a novel dosimetry system using acrylic disk radiation sensor for proton pencil beam scanning

Abstract: These results suggest that the ADRS is suitable for dosimetry measurements in pencil beam scanning, and it will be employed as a low-cost and versatile dosimetry sensor in upcoming developments.

Cited by 4 publications

References 14 publications

Feasibility study of patient‐specific energy verification using a multilayer acrylic‐disk radiation sensor

Feasibility study of patient‐specific energy verification using a multilayer acrylic‐disk radiation sensor

Flexible real‐time skin dosimeter based on a thin‐film copper indium gallium selenide solar cell for electron radiation therapy

Radiation hardness of cadmium telluride solar cells in proton therapy beam mode

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