Toward a new generation of virtual humans for interactive experiences

Rickel, Jeff; Marsella, Stacy; Gratch, Jonathan; Hill, Reuben; Traum, David; Swartout, William

doi:10.1109/mis.2002.1024750

Cited by 176 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The projects such as the Oz Project [1] and Virtual Theater [8] created software agents that exhibit emotion during their interactions with each other and with human users with the goal of creating rich, interactive experiences within a narrative context. REA [4] and Steve [9] are humanoid characters that use multimodal communication that mimics the body language and nonverbal cues that people use in face-to-face conversations. While this work shares our goal of expressive interaction with humans, the characters are situated within their own "virtual" space, which forces people to come to a computer in order to interact.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of expressiveness and attention in human-robot interaction

Bruce

Nourbakhsh

Simmons

Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292)

187

130

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Abstract-This paper presents the results of an experiment in human-robot social interaction. Its purpose was to measure the impact of certain features and behaviors on people's willingness to engage in a short interaction with a robot. The behaviors tested were the ability to convey expression with a humanoid face and the ability to indicate attention by turning towards the person that the robot is addressing. We hypothesized that these features were minimal requirements for effective social interaction between a human and a robot. We will discuss the results of the experiment and their implications for the design of socially interactive robots.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of expressiveness and attention in human-robot interaction

Bruce

Nourbakhsh

Simmons

Proceedings 2002 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation (Cat. No.02CH37292)

187

130

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“…We extended the dialogue model of Rickel et al [6] and Traum et al [7] to take explicit account of strategies and their influence on dialogue behavior. This model already allowed both reactive responses (e.g., to answer a question, to ground an utterance, to respond to a proposal) and speaker initiatives (e.g., to suggest a necessary or desired action, to bring the dialogue back on track, according to an agenda of "to be discussed" items).…”

Section: Acting On Negotiation Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work by the multi-agent community on negotiation has also not focused on human-like negotiation behavior, and instead emphasizes modeling largely agent-agent negotiations as a means to achieve better or more profitable coordination and cooperation (see, for example, [5]). The research we describe here extends virtual human models such as those deployed in the Mission Rehearsal Exercise (MRE) project [6,7] by endowing the virtual humans with strategies for negotiation, the ability to model emotions that arise during a negotiation, and facilities for them to communicate verbally and non-verbally during a negotiation dialogue. The Stability and Support Operations-Simulation and Training (SASO-ST) project at the Institute for Creative Technologies has built a prototype interactive, immersive training environment including an instantiation of this virtual human.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans

et al. 2006

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Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Although the representation of physical environments and behaviors will continue to play an important role in simulation-based training, an emerging challenge is the representation of virtual humans with rich mental models (e.g., including emotions, trust) that interact through conversational as well as physical behaviors. The motivation for such simulations is training soft skills such as leadership, cultural awareness, and negotiation, where the majority of actions are conversational, and the problem solving involves consideration of the emotions, attitudes, and desires of others.The educational power of such simulations can be enhanced by the integration of an intelligent tutoring system to support learners' understanding of the effect of their actions on virtual humans and how they might improve their performance. In this paper, we discuss our efforts to build such virtual humans, along with an accompanying intelligent tutor, for the domain of negotiation and cultural awareness.

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“…This has been spurred, in part, by an explosion of interest in integrated computational models that incorporate a variety of cognitive functions (Anderson, 1993;Bates, Loyall, & Reilly, 1991;Rickel et al, 2002). Indeed, until the rise of broad integrative models of mental function, the problems emotion was purported to solve, for example, juggling multiple goals, were largely hypothetical.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Architectural Role of Emotion in Cognitive Systems

Gratch¹,

Marsella²

2007

Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems

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In this chapter, we will revive an old argument that theories of human emotion can give insight into the design and control of complex cognitive systems. In particular, we claim that appraisal theories of emotion provide essential insight into the influences of emotion over cognition and can help translate such findings into concrete guidance for the design of cognitive systems. Appraisal theory claims that emotion plays a central and functional role in sensing external events, characterizing them as opportunity or threats and recruiting the cognitive, physical and social resources needed to adaptively respond. Further, because it argues for a close association between emotion and cognition, the theoretical claims of appraisal theory can be recast as a requirement specification for how to build a cognitive system. This specification asserts a set of judgments that must be supported in order to correctly interpret and respond to stimuli and provides a unifying framework for integrating these judgments into a coherent physical or social response. This chapter elaborates argument in some detail based on our joint experience in building complex cognitive systems and computational models of emotion.

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Toward a new generation of virtual humans for interactive experiences

Cited by 176 publications

References 12 publications

The role of expressiveness and attention in human-robot interaction

The role of expressiveness and attention in human-robot interaction

Teaching Negotiation Skills through Practice and Reflection with Virtual Humans

The Architectural Role of Emotion in Cognitive Systems

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