Toward a New Generation of Fire‐Safe Energy Storage Devices: Recent Progress on Fire‐Retardant Materials and Strategies for Energy Storage Devices

Abstract

The ORCID identification number(s) for the author(s) of this article can be found under https://doi.org/10.1002/smtd.202101428. IntroductionEnergy storage devices represent vital technologies that must be advanced to meet the ever-burgeoning demand for electricity. [1] These technologies have enabled the recent advances in electrically powered portable devices, electric vehicles (EVs), and internet of things (IoT) sensors. Notably, the continuous advancements in IoT and related sensor technologies have been a key impetus for the accelerated growth of industry and information technology. [2] To meet the power demands of these technologies, multiple clean and sustainable energy harvesting devices have been discovered such as triboelectric nanogenerators, [3][4][5][6][7][8]

Recent Advances on Early-Stage Fire-Warning Systems: Mechanism, Performance, and Perspective

“…As it is well known, combustion behavior closely involves the ignition temperatures, oxidant, oxygen content (generally the oxygen from the air), and flammable materials [18,19]. After encountering a heat source, the thermic pyrolysis reaction and decomposition take place, causing a localized temperature increase and a large amount of volatile compounds [20][21][22][23].…”

Shape memory polymer-based thermal-responsive circuit switches

“…[3][4][5] The elements of sustained combustion include combustibles, oxygen, igniting heat sources (sufficient temperature), and uninhibited free radical chain reactions. 6 Among these, temperature detection is an important and widely accepted approach to identifying combustion. Timely detection of overhigh environment temperature is considered to be the cornerstone of optimizing fire safety strategy and thermal management efficiency.…”

Dendrite‐accelerated thermal runaway mechanisms of lithium metal pouch batteries

“…[43][44][45] Meanwhile, Li dendrites can increase the specific surface area of Li anode and intensify the serious exothermic reactions between Li metal and other cell components, such as SEI, electrolytes (non-aqueous and solid-state electrolytes), and cathodes. [46][47][48][49] Beside these, thermal decomposition and combustion of electrolytes themself can also aggravate the safety risks. 50 However, the detailed reactions sequence and heat contribution during thermal runaway of high-energy-density LMBs in working conditions are still tightly sealed to researchers.…”

“…37– 42 During cycling, the SEI is continuously broken and repaired upon Li anode, leading to the continuous accumulation of thermally unstable SEI resulting in potential safety risks at elevated temperature 43–45 . Meanwhile, Li dendrites can increase the specific surface area of Li anode and intensify the serious exothermic reactions between Li metal and other cell components, such as SEI, electrolytes (non‐aqueous and solid‐state electrolytes), and cathodes 46–49 . Beside these, thermal decomposition and combustion of electrolytes themself can also aggravate the safety risks 50 .…”