Toward a Marxian Theory of Deviance

Democracy and Crime: A Multilevel Analysis of Homicide Trends in Forty-Four Countries, 1950-2000

“…As the economic gap between the industrial "haves" and the developing "have-not's" widens, poverty, slums and unemployment become more commonplace among the latter. The growing expansion of global markets creates a fluctuating surplus population of unemployed and underemployed workers (Spitzer 1975;Applebaum 1978). The global system also constrains urban development in peripheral countries, which suffer increasingly from a shortage of decent housing, an absence of basic social services and a lack of living wages, all of which drive crime rates up.…”

A Proposal for the Political Economy of Green Criminology: Capitalism and the Case of the Alberta Tar Sands

“…Radical criminologists have also asserted that crime as defined by the state is closely linked to identifying acts that disrupt capitalism (Chambliss 1975;Spitzer 1975).…”

A Neo-Marxian Critique, Formulation and Test of Juvenile Dispositions as a Function of Social Class

“…Such a deduction, that the need for controlling the surplus labor force necessarily culminates in more stringent control of the labor force regardless of the offense (property or moral), is the conventional implication of radical and neo-Marxian criminology (cf. Taylor et al, 1973Taylor et al, , 1975Spitzer, 1975;Quinney, 1977). Yet, as we do, one could well infer from a Marxian perspective that juveniles who commit acts against property will be treated alike regardless of class position because acts against property must be uniformly suppressed in a capitalist society since the sine qua non of capitalism is the private ownership of property.…”

“…CARTER AND CLELLAND cape rather than adjustment disrupt capitalist patterns of distribution and consumption (Spitzer, 1975).…”